Ra One- the Extra-Ordinary Sales Promotion by Srk

RA ONE- The extra-ordinary sales promotion by SRK I've often heard people say, film-making is nothing short of a gamble. And as any gambler will tell you, you've got to gamble huge to triumph huge. Going by this logic, Shah Rukh Khan is The Supreme Gambler of the year. What's at stake, beside the big money invested in RA. ONE of course, is a dream, a vision, an aspiration to make a film which appeals to kids and kids at heart. In short, attempt a film that appeals to the universal audience. At the same time, it ought to raise the bar for Hindi films. Also at stake is SRK's once-unchallenged supremacy as the reigning idol of Bollywood and that elusive thing called reputation. When you invest your repute in your dream project and stick your neck out, you expect nothing short of a mega-success. â€Å"I had a very clear of how we’ll market it. The first clarity was that we won’t have too many images of the film. I didn’t want it to be cluttered. I didn’t want it to be a hero and a heroine and their son. This is a superhero film and we had to introduce that. Whether people like it or not, my marketing thought is if you keep something in front of people for too long, they get used to it. So there was this big fear — when my costume comes out and me with blue eyes, will it be liked? Small considerations like this which you don’t think about while making the film, but when it comes out, people say, â€Å"you know what, your dadhee (beard) isn†t working at all†. SRK The daily promotional strategy of the media savvy Shah Rukh Khan seems to be working when it comes to publicizing his film ‘Ra. One’. He has pushed the film in every way possible – through multiple co-branding deals, in-film plans, promotional tie ups, marketing strategies, gaming and merchandising and much more. The ‘Ra. One’ous appetite of King Khan seems to be insatiable and everyone is being a part of it, whether they understand it or not. The film is thus ending up as the most promoted film till date â€Å"SRK’s strategy is similar to several Hollywood biggies where promotions start several months before release. Typically, big star cast movies and mega-budget releases such as Bodyguard, Singham etc start their marketing around eight weeks before release. But SRK has taken marketing to a whole new level for a Bollywood movie,† says Pritie Jadhav, chief operating officer, P9 Integrated – a division of Percept. The makers of Ra. One are on a marketing blitzkrieg Eros International and Shah Rukh Khan’s Red Chillies Entertainment have brand tie-ups for Ra. One to the tune of Rs. 52 crore of which Rs 12-15 crore has been earmarked for online promotion, an advertising executive involved with the promotion of the movie said on condition of anonymity. Brand tie-ups that the marketing spends of the film have been considerably subsidised. Some of the brands with whom tie-ups have been effected are Sony PlayStation, YouTube, Nerolac, McDonald’s, Western Union Money Transfer, UTV Indiagames, Videocon, Nokia, Coke, ESPN Star Sports and Cinthol. Eros and Red Chillies have recovered part of their huge investment in the film through in-film branding, media endorsements, pre-licensing of cable TV and satellite rights, music and other rights Promotion of the film officially began as early as December 2010 when the first poster was published in all leading news papers across the country. The film's first look was later unveiled by Khan on his Twitter page on January 1, 2011. Several months later, director Anubhav Sinha announced that he would be launching two teaser trailers of the film during the 2011 Cricket World Cup, a prior nine months before the film's actual release date. Ra. One is not a Bollywood film that [the audiences] have seen before. The kind of size and magnitude that the film has requires it to be slowly introduced to the audience and that is the very purpose why we are starting the whole communication so early. â€Å"says Anubhav Sinha The film's first theatrical trailer was released three months later to the p ublic. As a way to promote the theatrical trailer, Khan was accompanied by the director on a five city tour, which included such places like Delhi, Chandigarh, Indore and Ahmedabad. During the same event, a 3600  ft long fan mail collecting audience wishes and messages for the film was also launched. Strategies which have caught the imagination of a population of over a billion Indians * Online Promotions: Approx INR 52crore is the estimated total budget shelled out for Ra. One’s marketing, in which INR 15 crore is for online promotions. Usually Bollywood film promotions only starts eight weeks before release but SRK took it in the Hollywood way, from January of this year with his first appearance in Twitter. Later it was the Facebook Fan page that started off its promotion from March SRK and Google – YouTube announced a partnership deal on mutual benefits basis. An exclusive video was created by Red Chillies (Khan’s production company) and was integrated into the YouTube Channel (Ra. One Youtube Channel). The company launched the official customized Ra. One channel of the film on YouTube(a first for an Indian film) where several song and theatrical promos were released to the public, along with videos of the film's making, events and uncut footage. The channel also hosts games, including the first social game from India, and contests where participants can create promos from clips, music and dialogues of the film. * Merchandise: As a way to promote the film and increase its franchising business, Shahrukh Khan tied up with Seventymm to market a variety of merchandises related to the film. Products included original G. One tee shirts, coffee mugs, wrist bands, watches, mobile pouches, video cameras, as well as many other things. Similar products were also available for purchase on the official G. One online store, which was launched alongside the film's official website. [90% of the 400. 000 stationery items and toys were sold in 15 days and 100. 000 more have been ordered. The makers spent 1. 5 crore on the mold for the G. One action figure. In addition to this, a jewelery line inspired by the symbol of â€Å"Ra. One†,as well as a series of HCL laptops with customized integrated Ra. One skin[59]were also made available to the public. These products are designed in-house by Red Chillies, and have been manufactured in China. By October, 50 products will be sold in more than 3,500 stores and e-commerce sites. Comics: Red Chillies Entertainment collaborated with UTV Indiagames to develop digital comics based on the film's characters. Written by Khan, the comic featured weekly episodes and served as a prequel to the events happening in the movie * Video games: RA. ONE continues to surprise the Indian audience with new innovations on a continued basis. Red Chillies Entertai nment had declared a tie-up with Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE) to build a full cycle game on PlayStation platform. The video game version of the movie will be called ‘RA. ONE–The Game‘ and will be available on PS2 and PS3 (through PSN download). This is a newer direction for Bollywood to create a win-win strategy of both promoting the film as well as create a brand extension strategy for RA. ONE. The film, with its super hero touches, is appropriate to seamlessly use the PlayStation platform and connect with the In youth. * Print adds and billboards: Print ads have been booked in all leading publications while 1,700 billboards will show the superstar in his superhero gear. This by far the largest collaboration in terms of in terms of billboards for any movie . Somthing or the other we read about the movie everday . * â€Å"Bharat Bhraman† Tour: Shahrukh Khan is places for Ra. One. The King Khan has started his bharat bhraman and caught with his fans from Kolkata to Delhi. Shahrukh covered cities like Vadodara, Gujarat; earlier he was in Chennai for ‘Ra. One’ audio launch in Tamil; and he was in the cities Bangalore , Jaipur and Bhopal Vadodara. SRK did a 36-city tour, which will include several foreign destinations, and one of the highlights of these events will be a 3,600-feet-long fan mail collecting audience wishes and messages. Mobile Engagements and application: iPhone / iPad app for the fans, in collaboration with UTV’s Indiagames. To talk about the app – Ra. One is an arcade first-person shooter game where you can play as G. One to shoot bad guys down with their team leader Ra. One. The game comprises of three terrains – Trainyard, London Bridge and Wasteland with a total of 89 levels (called Waves in the game), starting with Wave 1 and unlocking as you complete each level. Movie themes ,songs , games , wallpapers all of which form a part of mobile engagments are easily accessible over the net * Television promotions: Appearances in three major shows (Just Dance , SA RE GA MA PA Lil Champs. Indias Got Talent)in 3 entertainment channels to participating in ‘kaun bangea corerpati’. Interviews and teasers are a constasnt attraction nowdays for the viewers . Televison promotion is playing a big role in promoting the film * Selling movie rights: Even before its release, Ra. One managed to earn a revenue of Rs132 crore simply by giving away the rights of the movie. The brand equity of film star Shahrukh Khan is unparalleled and his presence in the movie gives a huge boost to distributors and companies to get associated with the brand. Star India got the rights for Ra. One at around Rs40 crore. Apart from this, the music rights were bought for Rs15 crore by T-Series. The producers got a whopping Rs77 crore from Eros Entertainment to own the distribution rights of the movie * Release and Premiere: The movie would be released at over 3000 screens in India and over 1000 screens overseas. Apart from this, premieres at international destinations like Dubai, Toronto and London, which have a high popularity for Indian films are on cards. Due to various new marketing strategies adopted by the producers of the movie, Ra. One managed to generate a lot of positive word of mouth. If not for its success, this movie would definitely prove to be a landmark in the Indian film industry for its advertising and marketing strategies. Will promotional overdrive harm ‘RA. One'? They need to remain prepared to face the severe criticism if they fail to live up to the expectation by even a bit, and it will be difficult to match the hype because they have unveiled almost everything about ‘RA. One'. Audience expectations build up with such a high intensity campaign and the risk is that even a small disconnect can boomerang. That’s not the climax the producers would look forward to. The expections are have increased so much that if the film does not fair according to the standards set by the movie then the audience will feel cheated . Nevertheless the first reactions have come in from the trade analyst and they are optimistic about the film. â€Å"Wow! Brilliant! Mesmerising! Leaves u dumbfounded! Blockbuster! Indian cinema bar raisd! Saw portions of RA. . SRK surpasses himself. †- komal Nahata Watched more than an hour of #RaOne. Left me amazed. Technological breakthrough. At par with intl films. A superhero film that’s super! † – Taran Adarsh These reaction about the movie is only going to create a good word of mouth about the film and this will lead to audience booking there tickets Conclusion All said and done u like the promotions or not but u simply cant ignore the movie. Shahrukh Khan along with his team has made us think about the differentiated strategy implemented across the country . The strategy is here to stay . It has layed down a path that will make other filmmakers to think . As far as the box office collection goes it’s a sure short blockbuster. References * Saxena, Manjari (2011-10-24). â€Å"Ra. One: Shah Rukh Khan has another winner†. Gulf News. Retrieved 2011-10-24. * â€Å"SRK concentrates on Ra. One†. Filmfare. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2010-08-22. * Press Trust of India (2011-10-21). â€Å"SRK turns salesman to sell ‘RA. One' merchandise†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-21. * Ra. One: Exclusive & Authentic Movie Merchandise†. Seventymm. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Adarsh, Taran (2011-10-21). â€Å"SRK, Eros take ‘Ra. One' to next level†. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 2011-10-21. * Bhat, Varada (2011-09-19). â€Å"Bollywoods longest promotion†. Business Standard. Retrieved 2011-09-19. * â€Å"Shah Rukh meets fans on Google Plus Hangout for RA. One chat†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Shinde, Shivani (2011-08-30). â€Å"India's first social game for Ra. One†. Business Standard. Retrieved 2011-08-29. * Baksi, Dibyojyoti (2011-10-14). â€Å"SRK's discovery speaks up about RA. One†. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2011-10-15. * Jamkhandikar, Shilpa (2011-10-13). â€Å"A Minute With: Shah Rukh Khan†. Reuters. Retrieved 2011-10-13. * RA. One's rampage. Prannoy Roy Publications. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Joshi, Tushar (2011-10-18). â€Å"RA. One gets an addition†. The Times of India. Retrieved 2011-10-18 * NDTV Correspondent (2011-10-13). â€Å"I am SRK†. NDTV. Prannoy Roy Publications. Retrieved 2011-10-13. * Press Trust of India (2011-10-14). â€Å"Ra. One gets Rs 52-cr promotional push†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

Decoding Apple’s Balance Sheet Apa Format Essay

Decoding Apple’s Balance Sheet In March of 2009, Apple had its best March quarter revenue and earnings in Apple history (Apple). In order to see how this occurred, it is important to look over the financial statements of Apple. There is a lot of information available to investors who are interested in investing in a company. By looking specifically at the balance sheet of Apple I am going to determine if investing in Apple is a good idea or a bad idea. Some things I am going to consider are Apple’s assets, liabilities, and shareholder’s equity. These areas should give me insight to how the best quarter in Apple history ame to be. Looking at the current assets of Apple, cash and cash equivalents went down from 1 1. 8 billion dollars to 4. 4 billion dollars. This may look bad at first, but all of the other assets must be added to this in order to get an overall picture of the assets. Short- term marketable securities went up from 10. 2 billion dollars to 20. 5 billion dollars. This helped Apple’s assets grow tremendously. Accounts receivable fell to 1. 9 billion dollars from 2. 4 billion dollars. With the rest of the current assets fgured in, inventories, deferred tax assets, and other current assets, the total current assets ose to 33. billion dollars from 32. 3 billion dollars. That was a rise of 1. 5 billion dollars (Apple). It is important to take into account the rest of the assets. For example, long-term marketable securities rose 1. 5 billion dollars, property, plant and equipment rose 0. 91 billion dollars, goodwill stayed the same, acquired intangible assets fell 0. 017 billion dollars, and othe r assets rose 0. 56 billion dollars. Now that we know how each asset was affected during this quarter, we come to the final numbers, which are total assets rose 3. 6 billion dollars. Apple grew its assets substantially during this quarter. I would think Apple would be a good company to invest in. Before I made any decisions I would investigate the balance sheet further in order to compare liabilities and shareholder’s equity with the previous quarter. This will give me a better understanding of the financial situation of the company (Apple). Current liabilities are in the first section of liabilities and shareholder’s equity. The following accounts are current liabilities and how they fared. Accounts payable went down from 5. 5 billion dollars to 3. 9 billion dollars. Accrued expenses went down 1 billion dollars. Deferred revenue went up from 4. 8 billion dollars to 7 billion dollars. The total change in current liabilities was a decrease of 0. 4 billion dollars. The other two liabilities categories, deferred revenue (non-current) and other non-current liabilities, rose collectively 0. 7 billion dollars. This gives the total liabilities a rise of 0. 3 billion dollars. This amount compared to current assets is not as significant. So far Apple is still looking like a good investment because the assets of Apple rose 1. 5 billion dollars whereas their liabilities only rose 0. billion dollars. It is now time to take a look at the final category of the balance sheet, the shareholder’s equity (Apple). The value of shareholders equity, common stock, rose from 7. 1 billion dollars to billion dollars. Accumulated other comprehensive income rose . 07 billion dollars. Total shareholder’s equity rose 3. 3 billion dollars. So adding together the rise of 0. 4 billion dollars in liabilities with the 3. 3 billion dollar rise of the shareholder’s equity, we get the same amount, 3. 7 billion dollars, as we got for the rise in total assets. The balance sheet balances (Apple). With the rise in assets, which led to the rise in retained earnings, I think Apple would be a good company to invest in because they are growing their business. I would want to look at past financial statements, specifically the balance sheets, in order to compare assets, liabilities, and shareholder’s equity from past quarters, but from the information presented on the balance sheet from this quarter I would be willing to invest in Apple. References Apple reports second quarter results. (2009, April 22). Retrieved August 29, 2010, from http://www. apple. com/pr/library/2009/04/22results. html

Changes in Leadership and CEO Succession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changes in Leadership and CEO Succession - Essay Example Founded in 1839 by Oliver Chace, the Valley Falls Company specialized in textile manufacturing. Its 1889 merger with Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing saw the company’s name change to Berkshire Fine Spinning Associates. The company’s final merger then followed this in 1955 with Hathaway Manufacturing Company, which resulted in its new name Berkshire Hathaway. Initially, the company had been successful expanding its operations across the US. However, after the World War I, a decline in the textile industry led the company shutting down several of its mills. This was when (1962) Warren Buffet began buying stock in the company. By 1964, Buffet had acknowledged that the waning textile industry would not lead to an improvement in the company’s finances; therefore, he agreed to sell his shares when he received an oral tender offer from Seabury Stanton (the company’s owner). Stanton’s failure to uphold his end of the bargain rendered the deal void, which moti vated an aggrieved Buffet to purchase more shares from the company to become majority shareholder. In 1967, Buffet set his sights on insurance, and decided to purchase the National Indemnity Company. Since then, he shut down the remaining textile mills and continued to acquire subsidiary companies while investing in the stock market. Currently, Forbes magazine ranks Berkshire Hathaway as the fifth biggest public company in the world. Presently, Buffet serves in the capacity of CEO, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer (CIO) and majority shareholder. As such, the company must find an individual or group of individuals with the expertise required to perform the diverse functions. The proposed succession plan is split into five parts whereby three parts focus on personnel, one on corporate culture and the last on institutional ownership. The company’s Board of Directors proposes that

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Discussion Questions - Essay Example Ethics can add value to a business by ensuring the company does not get involved in any undesirable scandals. I believe that companies have a responsibility to comply with the demand of many stakeholders groups. Some of the key stakeholder groups that must be considered in the decision making process of the company are lenders, shareholders, governmental entities, suppliers, the community, and the environment. An example of a company that satisfies the needs of various stakeholders is Starbuck Cafà ©. Starbucks supports poor farmers by purchasing only fair trade coffee. Companies cannot focus only on the investors because many firms have other missions and goals that go beyond making money. Wal-Mart is proud to be the largest private employer in the world with 2.1 million employees (Businessinsider, 2012). I believe that proper ethical conduct is important both in the private life of a person and in the workplace. People are often faced with ethical dilemmas in their private life. Ethical decisions affect consumer buying patters. Some people prefer to purchase green products because they are environmentally friendly. In the workplace acting in an ethical manner is mandatory. Unethical behavior can lead to bad results in the workplace. It is essential for employees to follow the ethical code of conduct of an enterprise. Violations of the ethical code of conduct of a company can lead to suspensions or termination of employment. â€Å"Consequentialism says that right or wrong depend on the consequences of an act, and that the more good consequences are produced, the better the act† (Bbc, 2012). Often politicians based their decision on consequentialism ethical principles. Deontological is an ethical theory concerned with duties and right (Freedictionary, 2012). This ethical perspective is often utilized by law enforcement agents. The ethical theory is relative since different people perceive duties and rights differently. A third ethical

Analyzing Rhetoric and Culture using Political Cartoons Essay

Analyzing Rhetoric and Culture using Political Cartoons - Essay Example Rhetoric and culture are two very different disciplines with different origins that however address specific and similar issues on culture, cultural practices and interpretation (ed. Rosteck 1999, p.1). The main argument of this essay is that the closed nature and in authenticity of society has led to the loss of human rights; the closed nature of course being influenced majorly by culture and traditional practices that should be shunned. The main aim of the essay is to establish the relationship between culture and rhetoric and use this connection to rhetorically analyze specific political cartoons, also known as editorial cartons. This analysis will be based on clarity/ explicitness of the characters and on the negative nature of a closed and inauthentic society. Rhetoric and culture are related in the sense that both are used to address specific and similar issues on culture, cultural practices and interpretation. A closed society is one in which the basic foundation is laid on class discrimination; the society is not open to freedom of thought. It is essentially not a free society as public affairs are not confined to the affairs of the government (Hayek vol.2 1976, p.151). A closed society usually leads to a violation of several human rights and can therefore not be termed democratic. Democracy is a key tool in the mental development of a people. A political cartoon or an editorial cartoon is basically a form of rhetorical criticism found on the editorial pages of magazines or newspapers and is usually a biased way of portraying individuals, events and a society at large. They are usually comical expressions of events at a particular point in time and convey contemporary issues in a particular society in a subtle manner but are meant to ex press the ideas of the cartoonist which usually represents that of the whole society. Rhetorical criticism basically uses symbolism but can also use words, phrases and gestures. The main aim of rhetorical criticism is to establish and understand how specific symbols affect people. The first political cartoon I will look is an Arabian one. In the picture is a woman her spouse and a goat. The man is kneeling down on the ground and a caption indicates that he is saying, â€Å"I hope you know you’re special to me and I’ll always care for you†. In response to the comment the woman is saying, â€Å"Thank you dear†. The man was however addressing the goat and blurts out, â€Å"I wasn’t talking to you†. We can’t see the expression on the woman’s face because it is covered in abayas, the traditional Black Muslim dress. The cartoon is in black and white and the ordeal takes place on a rocky area depictive of the dry and rough terrain of the Middle Eastern countries. The message is very basic and straight forward; a woman is just about as worthless as a goat, except a goat has more value to a man than a woman. The man is only and can only bow down to a man and not a woman. This is very ironical in that whereas the woman is statuesque and a much greater force than the goat, the goat is being treated with much more dignity, respect and care than the woman who is being shunned. This is how the cartoonist is challenging this discrimination. The worst part is that woman is helpless and there is nothing she can do about the situation in which she has been placed. The Middle East is home to Muslim Culture and with Muslim culture comes certain restrictions and reservations that are not common to Christians and other religious groups. This reservation of theirs leads to its society being considered a closed one where freedoms are not freely expressed and failure to which

Human Resources Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Issues - Essay Example In fact, it is imperative that they will do so. From time to time, employees need to undertake corrective actions. These actions help them to take stock of their duties. It also helps their employers to understand that they can work under minimal conditions as well. In the contemporary world, most of the office work can be coordinated from home. Employees need time to be with their families and friends. What employers need to emphasize on is the quality of work and the delivery of services by employees. If all these factors are looked into, the employer-employee relationship will be greatly enhanced. Telecommuting is the next big thing in terms of the convenience it offers working from home.The kind of leadership shown in the case study is that of understanding. Here a leader does not stick to the status quo. He does not necessarily believe that he has supreme powers over employees. On the contrary, he understands them, knowing that they have to work together as an entity. This is th e kind of leadership that should exist in most offices all over the world. Employees must be given the space and chance to work at their own convenience. If all these factors are adhered to, obviously employees will provide their best services while employers will reap a lot from the fact that they can work from home and practice minimal supervision over them.Employers need to be patient and allow employees to take their own course of action. It helps them to feel less restricted and constantly looked upon.

History of Blacks in the Diaspora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Blacks in the Diaspora - Essay Example The coast was the focal point of trade for both goods from Europe as well as their slaves. Ultimately, the people were dumped in one of the ships meant for the slaves and deported on a transatlantic journey unaware that they will be traded and locked up as laborers. In terms of numbers the African Diaspora is unbelievable. Close to 12 million people were coerced out of Africa and deported to the New World. The key to the African Diaspora was propelled by a thriving economy. The slave trade drew investors from a host of nations such as Portugal, Spain, Brazil, England, the United States, Holland, France, Sweden and Denmark which kept the slave trade alive for a more than hundred years. (The African Diaspora: Melfisher.org) The concept of the African Diaspora considers the worldwide dispersion of Africans throughout history; the surfacing of the cultural identity abroad based on origin and social condition; and the physiological return to their own homeland i.e. Africa. Thus the African presence in Asia, Europe, and the Americas is not a recent occurrence. It had happened in ancient Greece and Rome, and it subsisted in Arabia and also in other parts of Asia prior to the rise of Islam. The growth of the global trade in African slaves by the Arabs for more than a century and half years back and the much more severe business by the Europeans and Americas from the fifteen century made that presence basically global. (Harris 27) Background & History of Blacks in the Diaspora: Spanning a period of nearly four hundred years, more than 4 million Africans were deported to N. America and also to the Caribbean Islands in the Atlantic slave trade. They were imprisoned from their motherland and estranged from the members of their groups and families and they were led to lead lives of slaves in New World where the customs and traditions in the midst they spent their lives were completely absent. The African Diaspora is the account of the manner in which Africans even through scattered and isolated were able to retain their traditions, undergo changes in their identities in a New World. Essentials of African culture such as the religion, language, and folklore lasted and also the links to their previous lives. In the course of Americanization, Africans developed yet another culture that is known as African-Americans or Creolos. The forced migration leading to the transatlantic slave trade is considered to be the largest one in the world. In its effort, it created l asting permanent linkages between Africa and N. America. (African Diaspora: Colorado College) The African populations were transported from a lot of areas of Africa, however mainly from those areas along the coast. The Bantu, lined on the Guinea coast, had the biggest uniform culture after which comes Mande, hence the culture of African-Americans was impacted in a major part by the people of these areas. In these colonies, the demand of the slaves mainly for economic factors and the demographics of the slaves left a huge impact on the development of the Afro-American culture. There was a presence of more than one Afro-American cu

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Interview - Assignment Example 7) What types of step have you taken when you came to know about his disabilities? 8) Which kind of support helped you the most? 9) Did you noticed any problem she is facing with her brother? 10) What are your experiences with school personnel and what is your dream about her future? Children with special needs are those who have different types of disabilities. An ample range of ‘special needs’ and ‘childhood disorders’ can be found. Some of them are : Autistic Disorder, attention deficit, emotional disturbance, speech and language impairments, mental retardation, speech and language impairments, traumatic brain injury etc. The paper presents an interview with the mother of Jerry, a 10 yrs old girl, who is suffering from multiple disabilities. Her problems are speech and intellectual disability and orthopedic impairment. The paper discusses the experiences of the father of a child suffering from multiple disabilities (CCIC, 2013). Jerry’s father Mr. John Browne is a Marine Engineer, mother Mrs. Rina Browne is a school teacher. Being a Marine Engineer, he is bound to travel for long periods. When Rina was pregnant for the first time John was serving emergency sailing duty. Rina was alone in their flat. No one was there to take care of her except she herself. One day on her way to school she faced a severe accident . Doctor suspects this trauma during her pregnancy was the reason for Jerry’s speech and intellectual disability. Moreover Rina had a hereditary problem of calcium deficiency which was not taken special care of during her pregnancy which affected her child Jerry. When did the family begin to suspect that their child was not developing typically? Basically Jerry was a calm baby. Generally a baby grows in different stages. But in the case of Jerry, their parents noticed that ,â€Å" Jerry was not reacting like the child next to their house , who was of Jerry’s age†. Jerry’s friend was much adv ance in everything. She learned to walk and talk at the age of 9 months. Generally babies learn to walk and talk within the age of one and a half years, but Jerry did not learn this. She did not speak. She used to point out every thing through different expressions. Her parents noticed, â€Å" when her friend is roaming here and there, singing in broken words and playing , Jerry is eager to do so but she is unable to do the same†. What was the reaction and response when the child’s difficulties were first realized? When Jerry’s parents first time came to realize the inefficiency in Jerry they were much tensed. They consulted a doctor. After different diagnosis when the doctor told them that Jerry was suffering from multiple disabilities they were really shocked. They felt very helpless and confused. But the doctor consoled them and said that not only Jerry, there are many babies suffering from different types of disabilities. The doctor assured them that such pr oblems had different remedies or corrective measures. How did extended family and friends react? Generally an extended family makes a special effort to accept the child suffering from disabilities. In case of Jerry we can find that her extended family used to shun her at different family events. Moreover they used to question the parenting skill of Browne family. Hence her parents decided to cut ties with those unsupportive family members. Describe the Evaluation process and development of the child’

Islamic women and Education Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islamic women and Education - Research Proposal Example Schoeter Susanne (178) explains from a personal and woman’s perspective that women like her need education and needs to be involved in policy making process on decisions that include education, a voice that identify a woman’s role in advocating for women’s interests in education. Fatima Al-Fihri is another woman who contributed to education in the ancient periods, establishing University of Al Karaouine in North Africa while Dafiya Khatun constructed theology schools in the Middle East (Women’s Iislmic Initiative in Spirituality and Equality 1). Roles of Nyai Abida in education are also evident in academic administration in Pesantren Seblak (Srimulyani 100) and women like Ahl-al-Aaqil played active roles as educators (Falola & Amponsah 83, 84). The active role in education continues and is evident in the positions of Muslim women in South Africa’s academic institutions (Lovat 186). In addition, women seem to play a significant role in self-motivatio n into education. Even though environmental factors may affect ability of Muslim women to advance in education, the women mediate effects of these factors (Oplatka 341, 342). Respecting personal domain as a Muslim is another reported motivational factor to the women’s education (Laar, Derks, & Ellemers 70, 71). Existing literature suggest significant women’s role in education and this transverses across history. A study is therefore necessary on trend of the women’s roles in education across history and by regions. Laar, Colette, Derks, Belle, & Ellemers, Naomi. â€Å"Motivation for education and work among young Muslim women: The importance of value for ingroup domains.† Basic & Applied Social Psychology 35.1 (2013): 64-74. Print. Oplatka, Izhar & Orit. â€Å"Muslim women in graduate studies: Some insights into the accessibility of higher education for minority women students.† Studies in Higher Education 37.3 (2012): 327-344. Print. Women’s Islamic Initiative in

Compare and contrast two quarterbacks in the NFL Essay

Compare and contrast two quarterbacks in the NFL - Essay Example ared to Peyton Manning because of his Super Bowl experience, because of his team’s better stats against Manning’s stats and because of his better playing stats when they are up against each other. Supper Bowl is a major event for any player of the NFL and representing a team during this event is the single most important predictor of how well a particular player is. In case of the Brady versus Manning debate, Brady has undoubtedly won the debate. This is because he has secured two more rings of the Super Bowl as compared to Manning (Dlouhy 1). Brady has been successful in leading his team in more Super Bowls as compared to his competitor Manning. Brady is credited for leading his team five times during the Super Bowl in a total career of 12 seasons deducting seasons he was injured and during the time when he was recognized just a rookie (Dlouhy 1). On the other hand Manning had been able to lead his team in the event for only three times during a total career of 15 seasons (Dlouhy 1). A real comparison between the two QBs takes place when they are head to head against each other in a football game. A comparison of the stats of the matches in which Brady’s team Patriots and Manning’s team Colts have been against each other clearly indicates that Brady and his team is better than Manning and his team. A total of 14 matches have been played against both teams in which Brady and Manning headed their offensive sides and out of these 14 matches a total of 10 were won by Brady and his team (Riccobono 1). A comparison of the wins between the two teams under the leadership of these two great QBs may provide a misleading image, but it is true that Brady is statistically better than Manning when they play against each other. In the 14 games in which both the QBs and the teams have competed against each other, Brady has been able to score better stats with 6% higher completion rate and 3 more touchdowns as compared to Manning’s touchdowns (Shuster 1). Tom Brady

The Bluetooth SIG and specifications Essay Example for Free

The Bluetooth SIG and specifications Essay If the success of Bluetooth is measured by its initial interest alone then its prominence has already been assured. Before products were on sale, hundreds of companies joined the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Bluetooth brand became recognized worldwide. Before investigating the technology further it is appropriate to comment about the role played by the SIG, the administrative structure of which is outlined in Figure 3. With membership of the SIG nearing 2500 members it is only right to look at how the SIG works to promote, shape and define the specification and position Bluetooth in the market place. Positioning of the technology is important when you consider other wireless technologies that share the same ISM band, e. g. IEEE802. 11b, HomeRF and DECT. Differentiation is key in avoiding confusion of potential users. Figure 3: Bluetooth SIG Administrative Structure In 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications began to examine alternatives to cables linking accessories with their mobile phones. This study produced the initial specification for wireless technology, with the Bluetooth SIG founded in February 1998 by the core promoters: Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. Intel Corp. IBM Corp. Toshiba Corp. Nokia Mobile Phones. The core promoters announced the global SIG in May 1998 and invited other companies to join as Bluetooth adopters. In July 1999 the core promoters published version 1. 0 of the specification and further enlarged the core promoter group in December 1998 with the inclusion of: ? Microsoft ? Lucent (now Agere) ? 3Com. ? Motorola. The responsibility for the various Bluetooth specifications is in the hands of the individual technical working groups. Once a specification reaches a version level 0. 5 it is made visible to associate members. An associate members must be recommended by a promoter, and submit a fee. When a specification reaches version 1. 0 it gets a higher level of visibility. Now adopters have visibility and any company can become an adopter by joining the SIG, signing and submitting the membership agreement (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). The Bluetooth specifications are open specifications for wireless communications that are free to download and use; however to use it royalty free you do have to join the SIG. By joining the group you sign up to an adopter’s agreement sharing any patents essential for implementing Bluetooth. The specifications define minimum functionality allowing devices from different companies to communicate (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). . They provide the following: o Protocol definitions for interoperability o Host controller interface o Bearer services for higher layer protocols o Profiles o Qualification o Production test o Brand book The Bluetooth specifications define the concept of a Personal Area Network (PAN), what they do not provide helps to position it in the ISM band. It is not focussed on Wide Area Networking (WAN) as it has a limited range and currently there is no hand over mechanism, though there is a working group. They do not provide implementation instructions at the application programming interfaces, user interfaces or a definition of hardware and software split. Although it could be argued there is guidance in the profiles’ specification. The rest of this section breaks down the specifications encompassing the key aspects of Bluetooth in order to explain the features (see â€Å"Bluetooth†).

Mmap Creation of New Mapping

Mmap Creation of New Mapping The goal of this experiment is too understand how mmap creates a new mapping on a process virtual memory address space. Figure 1 The outcome of the program is shown (figure 1). The page size of this architecture is equal to 4096 bytes, which is the default page size for most modern operating systems. The program threw a segmentation core dump error the first time it was ran but after editing the C program it ran as expected. The code altered is shown below, this code had to be changed as the program wouldnt have the permissions to write memory which renders this program useless Code before: Array = mmap (Null, alloc_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0) Code After: Array = mmap (Null, alloc_size, PROT_READ | PROT WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0) This segment of code(Figure 2) writes to the first page of the allocated area at the position of zero, if this was changed to something larger than the size of page size (4096 bytes) then the program would return a segmentation fault. Tutorial 1 Exercise 2 The concept in this experiment has shown how to create a mapped memory region then use the fork() process to create a child process in which shares the same memory region as its parent. The fork() process creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. (Manual, 2016) Above (Figure 3) is a segment of code from the program used to show how to create a memory mapped area between shared processes. In this segment the child process increments the shared integer (*addr) twice, meaning when the integers value is printed again in the parent process it will be equal to three (Figure 4). The program waits for the child process until it prints to the user the value of the parent and unmmaps. The wait() system call suspends execution of the calling process until one of its children terminates, on success returns the process ID of the terminated child (Manual, wait(), 2016); Tutorial 1 -Exercise 3 The goal of this exercise to understand memory management through a program that uses the device memory(/dev/mem). /dev/mem is character device file that is an image of the main memory of the computer. Depending on the users permission level, the program must be run as root otherwise the program cannot access the main memory (Figure 5). When the program is run as root user (Figure 6) a list of memory addresses is printed to the user. These addresses in /dev/mem are interpreted as physical memory addresses. References to nonexistent locations can cause errors. (Manual, MEM(4), 2015) Tutorial 1 Exercise 4 The concept of the experiment is reducing memory footprint through the dynamical access of executables and memory addressing. Linux incorporates the use of shared libraries within its operating systems, a lot of Linux programs use the same standard functions such as screen support or file access, for a programmer to include these functions in every program it would cause program files to be unnecessarily large. The advantage of having these libraries is that a library only needs to be loaded once for several programs to use it; resulting in saving RAM and hard disk space. (Kofler, 1998) Tutorial 2 Exercise 1 The concept of the experiment is to understand how mmap uses a file as part of the address space. The program used in this experiment is an emulation of how the Operating system extends RAM to a file. The program being used in this experiment uses a file called test.txt as RAM, the file itself is equivalent to one page size of the given architecture. The program then writes to the page with a char at the array position of zero to four(Figure 9). This is an example of how a memory mapped file is taken from disk and placed into memory explicitly for reading/writing and will stay there until the user unmaps it. This experiment shows that when writing to ram youre writing to a file. Tutorial 2 -Exercise 2 The goal of this experiment is too understand that Mprotect can change permissions of mapped areas. After using the Mmap function within the program (FIGURE 10(Gedit)) the permissions set are read only, meaning that the program wouldnt be able to write to the array. After memory has been mapped, the permissions originally set can be modified with the Mprotect system call. If a program attempts to perform an operation on a memory location that is not permitted, it is terminated with a segmentation fault(FIGURE 10(Top terminal)). (Mitchell, 2001) Tutorial 2 -Exercise 3 The goal of this experiment is to understand how the operating system manages protections dynamically. (FIGURE 11) is a segment of code taken from the experiment, it shows a handler for the segmentation fault. This code is in place to take care of the segmentation fault, the problem with the above code is the fact that this is an infinite loop, the segmentation error is given when attempts to perform an operation on a memory location that is not permitted, meaning that the code will continue at the point the signal occurred, creating an infinite loop. The solution to this is to change the permissions within the Mprotect system call allowing the ability to write as well as read. Tutorial 2 Exercise 4 The goal of this experiment is to understand how the operating system manages protections dynamically. As opposed to the previous experiment, this program changes the permissions of the page that is being accessed using Mprotect. The handler is in place to ensure that an infinite loop doesnt happen like in the previous experiment. With the permissions being set within the handler itself, the handler will be able to completely handle the error resulting in no segmentation error stopping the program. Tutorial 3 Exercise 1 The goal of this research is to understand that each file in Linux has a respective Inode. Figure 14 The results of this experiment (Figure 14) show the Inodes for 3 separate files in 3 separate directories, the Inode is a data structure in a Unix file system to describe an object like a file or a directory. The Inode is a pointer with a the Inode number being unique, if a file is moved then its Inode number will also change. When an application needs a file, the application exchanges the file name for the Inode number from the directory listing, after that the application uses the Inode for a reference to the file. Tutorial 3 -Exercise 2 The goal of this experiment is to understand some system calls that manipulate files and directories. (figure 15) Shows the files and directories of several locations using a program which snippet is shown (figure 16). This program returns a list of what is in the present working directory, notice that the type of the file is shown on the left of (figure x). The system call lstat returns information about a file, in this case it is returning the type of the file. Tutorial 3 Exercise 3 The goal of this experiment is to understand how a logical mapping (file) is related to its physical one. Figure 17 The program used in this experiment determines the number of blocks associated with the given file and maps its logical and physical addressing, as can be seen in (figure 17). This is achieved using the stat system call which returns information about a file, for this exercise the only information required from stat is the number of blocks used by the file. Another system call used in this program is ioctl, used on a file descriptor fd. The ioctl function allows the user to manipulate the underlying device parameters (manuals, 2016). Using ioctl with FIBMAP allows the user to return the physical block mapping to its logical mapping. Tutorial 3 Exercise 4 The goal of this Tutorial 4 Exercise 1 The goal of this experiment is to understand the process of exchanging messages between client and server using blocking communication. Two programs were used in this experiment, a server program (Figure 20 left) and a client program (figure 20 right). Running on separate terminals the programs communicate with each other, if another client program were to try and connect to the server program the messages wouldnt arrive at the server, this happens because of blocking. When blocking is in use, control isnt returned to the server program until at least one byte of data is read from the client program (Klement, 2002). By default, sockets are set to blocking, if a socket call is issued that cant be completed immediately then the process is put to sleep, waiting for the condition to be true. Tutorial 4 Exercise 2 The goal of this experiment is to understand the process of exchanging messages between client and server using non-blocking communication. Figure 21 As opposed to the previous experiment, the client and server programs are now using non-blocking sockets. As a default when a socket is created, its set to blocking. If the input operation cannot be satisfied with at least 1 byte of data* then a return is made immediately with an error (Figure 21 left) (Stevens, 2001). *(This applies to TCP, For a UDP socket it would be a complete datagram). Tutorial 4 Exercise 3 The goal of this experiment is too understanding the basic process of exchanging messages between client and signal-driven server using non-blocking communication. Tutorial 4 Exercise 4 The goal of this experiment is to gain a better understanding about the differences between blocking and unblocking programs

Feminism Portrayed In Movies

Feminism Portrayed In Movies Films have long been used as a tool to portray human imaginations and ideas that are sometimes deemed impossible in reality. The characters in films have had a huge impact, with regard to gender stereotype, on audiences of all ages (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). Though there have been debates of how female characters are being portrayed in films, from being submissive to hyper-sexualised and lately, adopting more dominant roles in films, has there really been a change in male characters in films instead (Gilpatric, 2010)? Have male characters in films adopt female traits like how the female characters have adopted manly traits? This paper looks into how the portrayals of male characters in films have changed or are changing and how they affect gender construction. The feminist movement has constantly fought for womens right and equality so as to place women on equal standing to men in the society. This revolution has since been translated onto the silver screens as films depict women playing prominent and dominant roles in films (Gilpatric, 2010; Neundorf et. al., 2010) which is a stark contrast to the past when women played a submissive and subservient roles to the male character. Furthermore, films mirror the changing nature of our society, expecting men to behave in accordance to societal expectations deconstructing the male stereotype. Thus, the increasing trend in films shifting away from portraying men as having the traditional masculine trait, reconstructing it to more what termed today as the New Age Men (NAM) has been a result of the increasing prominence and dominance of females in films and the evolving nature of the society. The NAM is thus seen as a fusion of having both the traditional traits of males and females, embracing both masculine and feminine traits. Here, masculinity is defined as having the size, physical strength, rejection to authority and the use of physical force (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Along with those masculine traits, the NAM are also expected to have traits like caring and being able to handle housework. The birth of the NAM has been heavily attributed to the rise of females in films and the changing nature of the society. Men today feel there is a need to differentiate themselves from females in films to assert their dominance in the industry and to reintegrate into the society, deconstructing the male stereotype. Female Characters in Films Today. Male characters in films are moving away from having masculine traits due to the rise of female prominence and dominance in the roles they play by adopting those masculine traits. Female characters like Lara Croft and Kill Bill highlights the point that traits like submissive and subservient are no longer being associated with female character. The casting of the Bond girl character is as equally important, receiving just as much attention as the casting of James Bond himself, and though a Bond film may lack the innovative gadget, never has there been a Bond film without a Bond girl (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). This accentuates that the womens roles are equally important to the Bond character. Men, who relate closely to Bond who usually portray masculine traits, view this as a challenge to their masculinity as the Bond character is dependent on the female character. The lack of innovative gadgets also portrays a crisis in masculinity since men regard these technologies as macho (Neuend orf et. al., 2010). This is further amplified with female characters playing main characters in films being created with complex and enthralling personalities relative to male characters who are rather one-dimensional and are of minor interest (Russell-Watts, 2010). Women are also selected to play roles previously played and deemed suitable for men. Though Lara Croft and Kill Bill props to mind, the Hamlet by William Shakespeare is another example. Despite Hamlet being a male character, women have been manifesting their interest to play the role and there has been an increasing trend of women getting selected to personify Hamlet (Howard, 2007). Moreover, the Hamlet is known to be involved in violence as portrayed by the character Alexandra Tranda, who parallels the happenings of Hamlet to the events occuring in her life and ends up killing her father (Howard, 2007). Violence is defined as any intentional infliction of physical pain or harm (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001) and has a positive correlation to masculinity (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001; Neuendorf et. al., 2010; Gilpatric, 2010) thus proving an increase in violence equates to in an increase in masculinity. Men feel the idea of a women hamlet as unhealthy and feel ashamed for a woman to take th e Hamlet role (Howard, 2007). This is an indication to men that women are challenging their masculinity and dominance in the film industry especially in roles crafted for men. The rise of females in films adopting a more masculine nature and playing characters deemed more suited for men resulted men to feel challenged in their masculinity and has since led to a crisis in it. Men feel there is a need to differentiate themselves from the female characters and assert their masculinity and dominance within the society, re-constructing the gender stereotype to create the NAM. The Dynamic Nature of the Society. Films impact audiences (Gilpatric, 2010) and may portray a reflection of the society. The dynamic nature of the society portrayed through films has been a contributing factor to the deconstruction of the male gender stereotype to form the NAM. Relative to the past, women today are generally more educated, enabling them to take up jobs also held by men (Buchbinder, 2008). Accelerated by the feminist movement, women today are equally as likely as men to be casted to play professional roles and jobs like doctors and lawyers (Gilpatric, 2010). There is an increase of female characters holding major roles from 12% in 1960 to 32% in 1990 (Neuendorf et. al., 2010) and female characters in films can be a true representation of their position in the society as 51% US workers who hold high-paying management and professional jobs are women (Gilpatric, 2010). Similarly, most young man today expects to go through at least three major career changes in his life (Buchbinder, 2008). Also, improvemen ts in the economy have enabled both women and men to spend on luxury items. Narcissistic concern with ones look and body, traditionally marked as feminine are being linked to men, making it harder to comply with the traditional masculinity trait of a man (Buchbinder, 2008). There has also been a shift in the portrayal of men in films today. In the past, men have always adopted the central figure but roles recently played by men and women in films have been blurred as the gap between masculinity and feminity. According to Breillat, There is no masculine psychology in my cinema. They contain only what women feel and desire. Therefore, men must not try to recognise themselves in my male characters (Russell-Watts, 2010, p. 72). This shows that men play secondary roles to women in todays films restricting them to relate to the traditional male masculinity. Moreover, men are also increasingly portrayed in films as the figure of the schlemiel. Schlemiel is a Yiddish word which means a foolish personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a social misfit (Buchbinder, 2008, p. 228) and is unable to meet the performance and attitudinal requirements of traditional masculinity (Buchbinder, 2008, p. 230). For instance, Bond girls have been known to play independent and intelligent roles eve n outwitting Bond himself in the latest Bond movie. Despite Bond films representing Bond as having a chauvinistic persona (Neuendorf et. al., 2010), this places Bond in the Schlemiel category of a foolish character causing men to view this as a crisis to their masculinity. These factors when combined has resulted men to lose its masculine traits and restricted them to conform to the traditional masculine traits deconstructing the traditional male stereotype and reconstruct the NAM to help them assimilate back into society and be of an equal standing or higher to the women. Stereotypes Still Prevails. Some might argue that despite the rising prominence and dominance of women, the subservient and submissive nature of womens portrayal still prevail while mens masculinity are still confined to the traditional stereotype. Women in films are still regarded as subservient and submissive as the dominance exerted is based on a maternal motif, creating a stereotype of mothers or wives to save her child or loved ones (Gilpatric, 2010). Moreover, the societal movement of feminism is lacking, as women in films today still report to a more dominant male character (Neuendorf et. al., 2010), acting as a sidekick to a male character and getting involved in a romantic relationship with them (Gilpatric, 2010). Male characters though may have less masculine traits as portrayed by Robert in the movie Romance, his masculinity is emphasised through his occupation, being the boss of the main female character (Russell-Watts, 2010). This proves that despite being portrayed as dominant character in films t oday, women still conform to the gender stereotype of the traditional feminine traits of reporting to a more dominant male character. Some may argue also that films may not be a true reflection of society hence the portrayal of men as less masculine are not true. Films portray women as successful only when they are thin and attractive (Neuendorf et. al., 2010) when in fact, success is judged based on merit and not only looks. Building on, by showcasing one man as less masculine in the form of the schlemiel figure, subtly it provides a foil for other male characters to stand out, bringing out the masculine traits in the other male characters, (Buchbinder, 2008) indicating that male characters in movies still conform to the male gender stereotype of masculinity. New Age Man is the New Man. Despite the portrayal of women as subservient and submissive, women are still just as likely as men to commit violent acts in films. Presently, women are more likely to show acts of aggression (Neundorf et. al., 2010) and masculinity levels in male and females have increased (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Though many may argue that the feminist movement may not have reached its promised desire, it cannot be regarded as a failure. Womens role in movies has since increased transcending the traditional feminine traits (Gilpatric, 2010). No longer women are being portrayed as one-dimensional who plays stereotypical female characters. Moreover, men today are unlikely to conform to the traditional form of masculinity although they may still hold superiority over the female characters as masculinity portrayed by men in films today is excessive in nature and something that men cannot relate to. The rugged masculinity shown through characters played by Mel Gibson, Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger is being described as a fantasy (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Men feels there is a need to form a new identity something that they can relate to and has slowly since give rise to the birth of the NAM. Though portraying men as less masculine or as the schlemiel figure helps to bring out the masculinity in other male characters (Buchbinder, 2008), this very need has proved that there is a decreasing trend in films, which showcase men as masculine. Conclusion. Films have evolved tremendously down the years and will continue to do so at such rapid rate. As womens roles in films continue to rise and take centre stage, male characters in films have since taken steps in the opposite direction, adopting lesser of the traditional masculine traits but instead adopt more feminine traits. This has not being helped by the changing nature of the society where women continue to rise in status at workplaces challenging men for jobs. The birth of the NAM has been heavily attributed to the rising dominance and prominence of female characters in films and also the changing nature of the society. As the world become more globalized, womens status in society is also expected to improve and NAM may well form a new stereotype for men in times to come. (1996 Words)

Sir Gawain - The Noble Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain - The Noble Knight Sir Gawain is a nephew of King Arthur and the brother of Sir Gaheris and Sir Gareth. In the poem he is described by the author as "the good knight" and "most courteous" (1. 109,639). His character is shown through supernatural tests when he steps in for King Arthur and takes the challenge of the Green Knight on himself. Then his second test in the poem is to withstand the lust of the Green Knight's wife. Both of these challenges Sir Gawain passes, and gains more respect and honor than he had before. The tasks that he accomplishes prove once more the true Gawain and help the reader to understand his character more clearly. Sir Gawain is a hero in the poem, and as always, heroes have to overcome all their foes and many dangers. The same heroism and presence of supernatural forces are also found in Beowulf. Beowulf fights with dangerous enemies and creatures all around him. On his way to the Green Knight's chapel, Sir Gawain encounters many wonders and monstrous foes: "So many were the wonders he wandered among ... Now with serpents he wars, now with savage wolves ... And giants that came gibbering from the jagged steeps ... He had met with many mishaps and mortal harms" ( 2.718-725). As we see the author shows his character as a mighty warrior, maybe even with supernatural power. Yet it is not clear how he could fight with giants and was afraid at the first sight of the Green Knight. As author describes the Green Knight, "Half a giant on earth I hold him to be..." (1.140). If he is half a giant and later we see that Sir Gawain is fighting with giants, it is not clear here why everyone in Camelot at first is afraid of the Green Knight. Sir Gawain appears, as a real hero and a noble knight, almost from the very beginning of the poem when he is accepting the challenge of the Green Knight. No one is brave enough to accept the beheading game proposed by the Green Knight, and if no one of the knights will accept the challenge, then king Arthur has to accept it, so that he and his knights will not be regarded as cowards. Sir Gawain, as a noble knight who truly serves his king, takes the challenge upon himself when he says to the Arthur, " Would you grant me the grace"

The Female Martyr of Nineteenth Century Literature :: Literature Literary

The Female Martyr of Nineteenth Century Literature The literature of the nineteenth century is abundant with stories about children dying, partially because it was common for people to die young. One of the most popular forms of the dying child in literature is the martyr, who is almost always female. During the nineteenth century, white men held virtually all of the power in American society. The only way female characters could obtain power was through transcendence in death, but white males already had power and thus had nothing to gain by dying. The image of the pure girl who sacrifices herself for the sake of another seems very positive at first glance. However, this figure perpetuates the notion that girls should be selfless; rather than portray selflessness as a desirable characteristic for any morally upright human being, it is portrayed as a suitable characteristic for women. The female is supposedly the moral center of society, so she is the character who sacrifices herself for others. The martyr figure is a role model for all good girls to follow, while boys have brave heroes to look up to. Barbara Welter notes â€Å"the death of a young girl was so celebrated as a triumph of beauty and innocence that a whole ritual grew up around it† (11), but she doesn’t fully explain why the death of a young girl was so captivating to Americans of the time. The martyr is the ideal woman who will sacrifice herself for others, and in death she attains more importance than she ever could in life. The only way a woman could obtain any substantial degree of power in nineteenth century America was if she was dead. Because a martyr’s worth is only proven in death, this figure is the perfect role model to promote the sexist ideologies of that society because it encourages women to be good but denies them tangible power. â€Å"My Heroine†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"My Heroine†is a poem about a seven year-old girl who dies while protecting a baby. The author praises the child for her constancy at school, and reports that she is â€Å"never careless, never dull.† Of course, the child wouldn’t be a proper martyr if she wasn’t also â€Å"as sweet as any seven years’ child you’ll meet.

Education :: essays research papers fc

Education of Gifted Children Started in the 1970’s, America’s Gifted & Talented programs are used to enhance the curriculum of students included in either category in order to challenge and strengthen their unique abilities. These students are usually provided a separate class with specialized lessons in all areas and a teacher with a special degree in gifted education. I feel that it is important that the teacher was a gifted student who would know what the students must face as "above average" members of their school. The job market for gifted education offers a wide range of opportunity and gifted teachers are needed all over the country. One of the earliest programs for gifted and talented students was set up in 1974, at The Old Donation Center, in Virginia Beach. Students scoring within the top 3% of students on an assessment test are referred here to be further challenged. These students are considered gifted and have special teachers and classes to promote development of their talents and minds. Programs like this began to pop up around the nation in the 70’s; however, gifted students were looked down upon by teachers, parents, and peers. Many people considered them to be "freaks" because they were different. They didn’t understand the implications of the terms "gifted" and "talented". Most people simply expected gifted students to act more mature or to be geniuses, even though gifted students are the same as other children in their needs as human beings. Some gifted students were forced to grow up too fast and some simply ignored the fact that they were smarter than others, thus, they were lost in the shuffle. The irony of it all is that gifted-ness seems to run in families and the children of these repressed gifted students are, themselves, gifted. But what exactly is a "gifted" student? Students (elementary & secondary) are given a repertoire of tests. These tests check IQ, psychomotor ability, specific academic aptitude/talent, creative and productive thinking, leadership ability, and skills in the visual and performing arts. The main requirement, the IQ, is tested by a standardized IQ test (remember, however, that IQ tests are not always perfectly accurate). Ratings are given to each bracket of IQ scores: 85-99 Lower normal 100-114 Upper normal 115-129 Bright 130-144 Gifted 145-159 Highly gifted 160+ Above profoundly gifted If a student receives a rating of "gifted" or higher (130+), he/she is considered to be a gifted student and is introduced into the

National High School Essay

Bulua National High School is a leader high school in legislative District 1, located at Barangay Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City which was governed and funded with the Barangay Officials spearheaded by Pedro P. Legaspi. It was in 1970 when the secondary education, Bulua Barrio High School came to an open with two sections in the First year level and the Second year level was opened on the following year until the 4-year high school level was completed. The school was temporarily located at the compound of Bulua Elementary School campus in which they called as squatters. They did not have their permanent classrooms to be used. Sometimes classes were being held under the shades of the Mango and Butterfly trees. They also conduct night classes just to accommodate working students from the neighboring Barangays. Each enrollee was still entitled to pay 10. 00 pesos for the freshmen, 15. 00 pesos for the sophomores, 20. 00 pesos for the juniors and 25. 00 pesos for the seniors every month. The fees were received by the hands of the Barangay treasurer. The school was facilitated with 10 teachers and 1 school in-charge only. It was then in 1985 that BBHS became the PILOT SCHOOL of the 1989 Secondary Education Curriculum headed by its school principal Mrs. Enriqueta C. Pabelic. Year after, BBHS became Bulua National High School (BNHS) which was funded already direct from the National Level under the late President Cory Aquino’s administration. Presently, BNHS is located in its owned 1. 4 hectare approximately lot donated by the late Congressman Pedro Oloy Roa through the joint effort of Barangay Chairman Pedro P. Legaspi and the late DECS – Division P. E Supervisor, Mr. Bernabe Pabellic for its lot acquisition. Introduction The Library Hub is a program by the Department of Education aiming to address the lack of public libraries across the countries by setting up the library hubs. Library Hub is a novel and unique structure in the Philippines educational system, whereby an infrastructure and new reading materials made possible through collaborative partnerships with stakeholders are provided to public school students for free. To date, DepEd has set up about 50 Library Hubs in a very short span of time throughout the country. These Hubs will be servicing thousands of public schools. Books were placed in plastics. The Library Hubs are housed in existing buildings with an area of at least 250 to 300 square meters. A Library Hub is run by a librarian, library clerk, and utility staff and functions as a book warehouse for public schools in a given district. Each Hub lends books to its designated schools, which in turn lend the books to their students. The provision of reading books for free in the hub is not only for public schools but ALS, SPED, barangay centers, etc. It also serves as a â€Å"wholesale† library exclusively servicing elementary/secondary schools within a division. The hubs operate warehouse style, compared to the traditional public library setup–instead of books being individually placed on shelves; they are stored in plastic bins for storage. These bins would then be checked out and brought by teachers and administrators of public schools to their respective public schools, to be returned after twenty-five days. While at the school, these books can be borrowed–or even brought home–by the students until the books are to be returned to the hub. Launched in 2003 by then undersecretary Juan Miguel Luz, the project has now set up library hubs in 32 school divisions all over the country, for a total of around 145 hubs built since 2004. The hubs are financed by both the public and private sector, with major donors having the option to name the hubs whichever way they like. 1. Background of the study The use of computers and various programs are being developed for that certain desire to be done in a short period of time. Manual System for a Library Hub is quite a difficult task to perform. It takes a long period of time in locating and monitoring the availability of the books and can have the tendencies of missing files. That’s why we created this Computerized Library Hub System in order to solve that problem. Our Computerized Library Hub System is a program that is use to update the information about a certain record of books. It allows adding book information immediately and it only takes minutes to search a specific book. It lessens the possibility of missing files unlike the manual system. This system can be able to monitor automatically where, when or who borrowed a book. It also gives more accuracy in processing any transactions. Besides of that, it can help a librarian to work much easier and faster than a manual system. 2. Statement of the Research Problem * A licensed librarian is one of the major concerned problem of Bulua National High School Library Hub. Since they have a what they called â€Å"Acting Librarian† who was also a full time teacher in the school. It takes a long period of time for her to organized the books especially in putting accession number in it and log it in her module. Another concerned is that  the books in the library hub has not been arranged in dewey decimal classification which is the main reason why the personnel in-charge and the students has the difficulty in locating the book and to check its availability. * There’s a possibility that the library hub may encounter following problems such loss of records, repetition of data entry and other important details about the books and the one who borrow the book. * How do they record the books? The students will fill a borrower’s card before they can get the book they want to borrow. Then afterwards the in-charge will log the list of the book that has been used or borrowed in the end of the day in the manual notebook. Unfortunately there are times that the in-charge can’t be able to log or record the borrowed books in the manual notebook. * How do the students know if the books are still available? Knowing that the school don’t have a Dewey Decimal Classification in their books, students have difficulties in searching the specific book and it takes too long for them to wait for the librarian to check unto the logbook whether the book is still available or being borrowed. 3. Statement of Objectives 3. 1General Objectives This project aims to propose and develop a well-structured and computerized library hub system to help the library hub’s transactions easier, more effective and efficient. 3. 2Specific Objectives * To lessen the burden of the user in handling the day by day transactions. * To lessen the possibility of missing files. * To make the process of updating the books efficient and can be done in a short period of time.

Organizational Culture of Virgin Group Essay

1. Describe the civilisation of complete(a) theme by 7 proportionality of ecesis nuance. Organizational nuance has been described as the sh bed prises, principles, traditions, and guidances of doing things that influence the way institutional members exertion. Actually, it furthert end divided seven virtually dimension of organisational market-gardening which be attention to detail, revealcome orientation, people orientation, aggroup orientation, aggressiveness, stability and innovation and stakeiness taking, and come outright I give usage these seven dimensions to describe the civilization of vernal. The first dimension used in this gardening of pure is attention to detail. It is the form to which employees atomic number 18 judge to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail.It is such a culture gives a competitive proceeds to companies by helping them differentiate themselves from others. corresponding this article, the perfect(a) air passage has a attraction of competitors like 747airline. They provide heterogeneous harvest-times and the stark(a) airline put their merchandising lodge in aim to their services that their crews are smiling, cheerful and cheerful to help, let the passengers wanting to fly with them again. Also, the virgin America sweeps the travel awards for service and quality. Although their endes are new, with great interiors and entertainment, the great service of its crews is what wins so many plaudits. Furtherto a greater extent, they employ a ecumenical animal trainer in the Caribbean.He assay to change the way things were d oneness, discouraged the mental faculty from drinking their guests that reducing the provide esprit de corps. As he didnt get the decimal point on attention to detail, then he was cosmos replacement. The second dimension in this culture is people orientation. It is the degree to which caution decisions take into account the effects on people in the or ganization. It emphases on several(prenominal) rights and expectation of treating people with respect and dignity. In this article, when the author was travel rapidly Virgin Records, a member of the talent-scouting police squad was stealing and selling boxes of records to local secondhand shops.But he didnt fire the round and secure gave him a severe warning and a second chance. He expected the staff to learn from his mistake and get jeopardize to doing his job. As the experience of the author that he fell foul of the customs and walk out people as trying to hire records into the UK. He was given a fine, a second chance and brook move to make the most of it ever since. This has make him much more(prenominal) accepting and sympathetic of peoples mistakes. Also, the virgin airline treats their staff as family units and makes them feel that their go with is their second home.They leave hold parties in the weekend, make sure all the staff brook participate the parties and help them realize the relationship between staff and motorcoach. That is how the virgin airline treating their staff. The third dimension in this culture is team orientation. It is a degree to which work is organized around teams pick outably than someones. It is collaborative and emphases on cooperation among employees. In this article, the author mentioned about how to be a levelheaded leader to lead people well. He said that a estim sufficient leader must admit the team, its strengths and weakness enculturation and listen to the team is the key of universe a good leader.A good leader can led their better half well, can motivate the staff morale and prepare the relationship between the team. He also said that a mediocre leader can destroy a line very quickly. As they employ a general passenger vehicle in Caribbean who tried to change the way things were done. The manager discouraged the staff from drinking with guests that lessen the staff morale and broke the bank of charge. So they replace the manager and situate the staff morale and the sense of managements trust which had been broken. The four-spotth dimension in this culture is innovation and risk taking. It is the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risk. Through this article, Brett Godfrey showed his business plan to the author, which outlining the start-up of a low-cost bearer in Australia to take on Qantas and Ansett in their domestic market.He has expanded blue-blooded and its sister airline to the United States, untried Zealand, Thailand and South Africa. The company give them instigant support and the space to go build the new business themselves like Virgin Active. Also, Matthew Bucknall and Frank Reed had bought out some innovative image like the stem of a family-friendly health and fitness high society in 1999. These planning and ideas are innovative, hardly at the same time they ingest to take the risk on running the ideas and plan ning. In this article, we can find out four dimension of organizational culture.A top company must have strong organizational culture that employees are more loyal than weak organizational culture, creates a stronger employee commitment to the organization, and the strong organizational culture is associated with high organizational performance. Also, if the value of the culture is clear and widely accepted, employees can dwell what they are supposed to do and what expected to them, so they can act quickly to take care of problem.2. How culture affect the manager?A culture usually reflects the vision of organization founder. They pass on articulate the vision of what they want the organization to be. The small size of most new organizations makes it easier to instill the vision with all organizational members. Also, organizational practices are also one of the impacts on culture. They can find out the information about the organization and go steady the most suitable for organiza tion by means of practices. The top management way has a major impact on culture too, that the action of top management can lead to undesirable outcomes. Organizational culture can divide into four types.They are pay constitutions, kind relation, upcountry at be and rational goal. A culture spare predominately affect the manger in four ways, which are tyrannical, leading, organizing and planning. In the leading of the management, the mangers are able to use democratic leaders style that allows employees participate in decision-making progress, exactly not only individualistics in the open systems and charitable relation culture. Through these 2 types of culture, the mangers require visionary lead, responsive behavior and also tend to be participative, tactful and supportive.Also, the mangers in rational goal culture are also able to use democratic leadership style and tend to be directive, goal oriented and functional. On the other hand, the mangers in the inner(a) attend culture bequeath be more in all probability to use autocratic leadership style that they are tend to be conservative and caution. In the planning of the management, they forget more likely to take the risk of the plan in open systems culture in the large extent, which this culture is wildness on creativity and innovation that the employee bequeath have some innovative idea when planning. In rational goal and homophile relation culture, the manger go away take risk on planning in the small extent. But in the interior process culture, the manger are not willing to take the risk on planning, which their company are conservative and cautious.In the human relation and open system culture, they will likely develop the plan by team, but the mangers will likely develop the plan by individual in the balance of the cultures. In the controlling of managers, the control system will be more flexible in human relation and open systems culture, which likely allow employees to cont rol their own action. But in the stay put of the cultures, the control system will be inflexible that the managers need their employees describe their rules and procedures. In the open system culture, the manager may able to take the risk to produce the product if exceeding the budget. On the other hand, the manager in internal process culture will prefer cutting the cost or will not produce the product preferably than taking the risk to release the product into the market.In the organizing of the mangers, their employees can have more autonomy in their jobs in the human relation and open system culture, but less autonomy of employees in the rest of the cultures. Through the rational goal and internal process culture, they will be able done their task by individual rather than team.On the other hand, in human relation and open system, they will prefer to finish the task by team compare to individual and their manager will be likely being decentralization, that increase the decisi on-making authority of employees, but the rest of culture not. A culture will affect the mangers what they can or cannot do and how they manage. A good manger should know the culture of their companies deeply, that can help them to know what to do and not do and come in their role on managing a team or company.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

Position Paper Ap Government

Luke sawyer twelfth configuration 11/8/12 AP regiwork force impersonate writing I take that Barack Obama is the nearly commensurate chance to strain for the chairperson of the unify Sates of America. I think that his design of woful forrard give and so choke us for ward. Obama has aro l closedown oneself views that I see with, and you should stinkpotvass them, as did I. The first of all retail store is innovation, much than jobs and revive manufacturing and the cable carmobile attention. Since Obama became electric chair two manufacturing and the auto industry dumbfound had a meat of 1. 5 nonp aril million million million wise jobs.The reciprocal ohm write is valuees. Taxes atomic number 18 necessary, exactly no one wants them. Obama proposals to faded valuatees for either American prole and depart sharp tax cuts for piddling businesses. He is in any case enquire the too stiff Americans to ante up a little chip shot much in revision to requital extraneous our debt. A threesome rationalise is to stopping point the war, and dumbfound bum our troop from Afghanistan. Obama plans to demise the war by 2014 and put through fractional the cash that would be fatigued on the war, and use it for roads, bridges, runways and schools and the some other half(prenominal) on stipendiary the deficit.The conterminous recent is readiness, which is a great(p) print directly that fogey fuels are cut low. Obama plans to vex away oil color companies and cash in ones chips expend in unsullied sources, to go away a orbicular drawing card in peachy energy. Obama plans to harbor our clime by victorious locomote into water-washed energy including oil, gas, plunder coal, wind, solar, biofuels, and atomic energy. equalwise creating jobs and businesses, small-arm better(p) the purlieu and field security. With schools move and stark naked association cosmos obtained, Obama plans t o sustain college more(prenominal) affordable.He plans on doing this by case the guardianship requital in half. He alike plans to arrive at a college tax reference book for the students and families value up to 10,000 dollars all over for years of college. He similarly plans to enforce the reconcile and local anaesthetic anaesthetic self-aggrandising medication to modify the flavour of teachers, small-arm giving the local and allege governments resources to strengthener and gain better teachers. Obama also plans to bring up 100,000 maths and erudition teachers so we can out-compete countries in palm like science, technology, engineering, and math. Lastly, Obamas wellness tutorship plan strengthensMedi vex for the seniors, and it helps young large number frig around the wellness amends they indispensability. The affordable cope mould is parcel citizenry with Medicare besides on the care they need to retain healthy. Obama plans to overthrow th e be on prescription(prenominal) drugs, and periodical premiums. Obama is also pose an end to health insurance callers charging women more than men for the aforementioned(prenominal) coverage. Sources http//www. barackobama. com/plans/ http//www. cbsnews. com/8301-250_162-57538698/what-are-obamas-and-romneys-plans-for-the-next-four-years/ http//www. businessinsider. com/obamas-plan-second-term-economy-jobs-election-2012-10? op=1

Role of Nature in the Evolution of the Modern Cities

3.0 literary outputions followupMy dissertation buzz shoots to explore the impressiveness of temperament to an urbanite demeanor the profligate pace in so show uplying(prenominal)thest numbingly passing(a) bread and exceptter in this coer jungle. on that capitulum is no 1 translation to the family of liberal goful & A spirit in the urban circumstance of a seat of g allwherenment and requires a multi-f aged geographical picnic to be comply at whatever decision. My geographic transit begins with a raft of the chronicle and training of urban beautify vs. innate decorate painting in urban centers. Followed by, explore on the potency of bing agreements of the jet-propelled caste relief pockets ap tear in the seat of goernment and their affinity with urbanism in the urban center. This forms the terra firma of search for future propositions do by critics and professionals, victorious to some(prenominal) remarks that smoke be do on the relevance of onward exertion and changes of the urban sound structure. d unity this overlying exploreed, I aim to stop de terminal figureine the urban syllable structure in indu minuteable ir ray of silly of incorporate of pictorial relief infinites into the urban grace painting and its w distri moreoverivelyop on the urbanites and their social behaviors.3.1 intention of spirit in the exploitation of the untried anchor CitiesIn the groundbreaking time of nurture ( 19Thursdayto 20Thursdaycentury ) , the increment of urbanisation 1 and the advance(a) urban centers has been a actually ready procedure. distant to the retiring(a) where kind-hearted homes take a leak h anile peacefully coexisted with genius 2 ( tint to come in 1 ) , novel on that pointedness has been a fitting of form. The mod arc turn overectural lay measurement to the fore of the service piece colonies is a wind vane of wintry cover jungles with weensy annoying for the economic consumption of temperament in the urban grace. sophisticated urban centers came as an response to the earth ontogeny after the industrial rotation 3 . Cities grew bigger became the spur os of the economic organization and hobby the motion of upstartism, 4 came the changes in the animateness fashion of urban inhabitants. exp adeptntial growth of pee-peeion of postgraduate w days increase buildings, advanced places and so foretera replaced and destroy the inseparable beautify, paving vogue for much(prenominal) defecate and cover constitutions.This was the age of firearm over own(prenominal)ity 5 , where urban contrivers 6 followed the philosophy of generic forms, with no attention to locate environss and raw(a) ornaments. disposition was a b residueable entity, carved, flattened, move and by artificial means recreated to shell the assumes of the clear created by monstrous(p) manlike. 7 Theref ore, the construct of prevalentalty relievo infinites and the grandness of inwrought embellish is all just presently non selled, or an reconsideration, case-hardened as arch decoration to the edifices. deviation the seat of governments, which admit the bigger Numberss of commonwealth 8 , with naught to a spacio exampler extent than intimations of thou infinites doing full- grown staminate to have all connexions to his outgrowths, i.e. disposition, in that location were a a fewer(prenominal)(prenominal) who believed in the immenseness of genius in a mans universe, few who would plan with re readyation 9 Karachi f vented non very contrastive from this oecumenic description of modalityrn seat of governments. Further to a greater extent than, world the largest raw wee-weer and biggest of the few metropolitan citys of Pakistan, it entertains a lavishly inflow of agrestic-urban migration. 10 In separate to font the rampant exp anding upon in Numberss the urban center is go beyond bounce ( mannikin 2 ) and destructing environing instinctive grace painting in the procedure. 11 These surveies of the con textual matter of use of checkmateive grace painting at heart the urban embellish take me to inquiry of how this watercourse opus of the urban addscape painting watchs its user.2.2 urbanism amongst the urbanite and the urban ornamentThe commencement text low interposition A spirited on the urban amaze and Limits of in stageion , 12 a training that uses the rule agree gambling to charter the fancy of sociableness and predisposition , 13 and cozy up the powerfulness of com hurler computer computer architecture to inhibit gracious perceptual 14 funda kind interaction.It touches upon various(a) subjects low the track of urban infinites of chief citys, their architecture and their govern on heap. The mark matching to my rum sports stadium of cartoon is the reconcile to realise how the architectural theme furbish ups the commonplace brio of the urban inhabitant. The inquiry proposes juncture of, unfermented subprogram techniques of Psycho geography 15 in the homesteader re source of Istanbul ( Pinar Mahalle ) , as they weigh the, individualized paths, distinguishs, mental distances, and looks 16 of the instrumentalist infra observation. This brought forwards 2 gaffer countries of focal point the everyday cadence of telluric sustenance buzz offs and the particular(a) multi-sensory perceptual be intimate in urban have it off 17 Psychogeography, the hit of psychological wisdom and geography 18 is utilise as the mode of resuscitating the urban determine of tellurian biography, in a mode that it arouses a spirit of comfort and spirit in spite of appearance the role players, i.e. the users of the infinite. This teasing devotion gives bearing to the, scheme of arrest 19 which tests the geographical leap cut hush upt perceptual have. 20 The dimensions of the boundaries of, social engaging forces and delirious z mavin(a)s of the urban geography 21 call for to be accepted so they may be b street to suit the participants.One governing subject that stands taboo in the musical theme is the entreat for interference or registration of bing urban infinites to brace much than still a optical bonk, sort of of incorrupt vision, or the atomic number 23 pure senses, architecture involves several(prenominal) kingdoms of inward-developing drive which interact and liquefy into distri just nowively other. 22 This power of architecture enquires to be explored and combine in trope at the urban dot so inwardly these move seat of governments close to stage of interaction and familiarity may be actual.However, if these travel be non taken, throng depart confine stuck in a rut, uninvolved from one another, lo sing out on common benefits and agree on a make recognize multi -sensory perceptual ingest of infinites.The second out of live on glide slope of the urban adorn highschoollighted by this typography is the in merciful, dead(p) musical composition of the milieu. The mark stage and layout is everyday, matter-of-fact and deprivations each form of sculptural relief infinite, ocular or somatogenic. Therefore, the desp oxygeniseing drive of adaption in the bing format of these urban centers is make app bent.Findingss of this publisher be confine in footings of contextual relevancy, neverthe slight, twain of educations discussed in a higher place be non far from the fair play of Karachis cityscape. Furthermore, the methods assiduous for question ignore be carried forrader as bunch of old explore techniques 23 .The paper slightly(prenominal)how highlights the figure out of architectural picture and layout of the chief city as a substanc e participant in the game, specifying the victuals genius of the participants. Baig 24 , supports this line by stating It is non citizenry solely who re reconcile the citys ethos kinda the dyspneic objects, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the urban landscape, as well take towards organizing the urban spirit. 25 The, urban mizaaj ( i.e. urban landscape ) is subordinate on the chances of spiritedness styles presented to the mint by the, breathless objects 26 some them. The largest per centum of inanimate objects of any seat of government is edifices and their connexions i.e. architecture, in that respectby on a level floor the speculation of architectural Determinism, 27 construct environs stupefys the briny potentate of societal behaviour and interactions. 28 afterwards spirit the have-to doe with of the urban landscape on for loose emotional terra firma style, the pursuit sort efforts to inquiry the kinship of the urbanite and the essential landscape in install to deal up whether some of the dish outs of the preceding(prenominal) discussed blood undersurface be fill by the gain of immanent landscape.2.3 alliance of the Urbanite and temperamentAs the raw citys lead to come on towards a tech -savvy 29 hereafter the raw mans isolation from reputation continues. Our technophilia 30 and technophobia 31 , i.e. the get by and stimulate of plan thrusts us to extremity such a hard dramatic play over plan, that it beats our hard puddleer. However, our increase dependence on the technological promotions has converse functions, and enceinte manlike has become a slave to engineering. Robert Thayer 32 , acress that our warmth for engineering mickle be present by, accredited residential landscape, rule by house, cloak-and-dagger road and service department 33 on the capacious roadstead construct to drive the routine and easiness of cars. We so mask freig hter a cat valium window dressing and continue to populate finished this heavy technological support brass. 34 The exit of this isolation is the incident of the term solastalgia the some(prenominal)er go finished when we guide from a indispensable topographicalal point we love and comfort 35 .Louv, in his ledgers moreover argues the solicit for interaction amongst braggy staminate & A inwrought landscape and the make of lackiness of this interaction. In his introductory book, stick up nipper in the woodwind 36 , he put forrad the disadvantages on the nurture of kids cod to put down of picture to, Vitamin N ( N reputation ) 37 , doing a syndrome of constitution shortage disease 38 . This is non a medical diagnosis but it is utilise to make brain of the damage located up of this separate. These theories originate in numerous outside kin populate plans and internalisation of interaction with spirit for kids has straigh t become a more ordinary thought. 39 However, the impact of the book had a far more grasp impact than alone the restructuring or new experimental techniques of focus it as well as horny the nostalgia of many grownups. Adults either reminisced the memories of a various childhood, from that of their kids or link up to the symptoms of the estrangement from temperament.He farther supports his bidding with impartial(a) illustrations such as, demoralise concourse who were dictate periodical outdoor(prenominal) walks amend their tempers comp ard to patients travel in a promenade. Alzheimer patients loose to immanent light fluctuations see less turbulence and wandering. 40 The lack that Louv discusses in his plants highlights the vastness of Vitamin N , to focus our physical and mental wellness. This construct put up now be tied back to the intercession in the old section of relationship betwixt urbanites and the urban landscape. The defects in the urban l andscape atomic number 18 prop a minus gist on the metropolis inhabitants and contribute be prevented with the contain of the inhering landscape in the cityscape. exam this secernatement farther, the pursuance component entails a conform to of the connexions helpless in the midst of full-grown priapic, temperament and metropoliss if there is a ask to reconnect and how these connexions mayhap make?2.4 troops and genius within the Urban LandscapeMy undermentioned text, intent with temperament , 41 begins with a comparability of the metropolis and the countryside and the point-blank differences amongst the both. When worn out(p) with the over vanquish metropolis one retreats to the soothing state side. However, every bit much as urbanites shoot the rest period found in the countryside they need the metropolis, whether for unresisting impulsion of work or to scat through the imply to be mess of the fast gait bearing, therefore, they atomic nu mber 18 pinched back to it. This reflects the divide in the feelings of mature male, snap in the midst of the roads winning to metropolis and countryside, coining the query of the author of this book,It is my study into a purport with temperament the topographic point of constitution in a mature male s universe 42 The source writes from personal run into of prop grown up in the industrial old ages of Glasgow and set off the pros and cons of the metropolis vs. the countryside. From the beginning, the book distinguishes the twain poles disposition vs. built, with magnanimous male caught in the center. This brings onwards a authentically of second dramatic art of idea, if we pile make the merciful metropolis, preferably than the metropolis of custody to labor, the election of metropolis or countryside bequeath be betwixt to excellences, each indispensable, each different, both complementary, both life enhancing, magnanimous male in spirit. 43 This unpack highlights the machinelike, cold example of a metropolis discussed in the stolon contribution of this research and how an trajectory to the countryside is only when a stain solution. Therefore, it proves the demand of consolidation of landscape within the urban context of the metropolis.Ian L. McHarg 44 categorizes the metropolis and landscape architecture into double chapters, gravid a luxuriant design methodological abridgment of desegregation disposition in urban planning, its activity and its demand for effectuation by exposing the connexions liberal male finds within personality. deep down these the more groovy subsection is of The city deal and influence 45 , where the author explores the relationship of the built environment with nature and how when the dickens be polar in concert they do non compromise their thinkable but sooner focalise it. He speaks well-nigh how the morphology of human colonies should be moulded along the intrinsic morphology. For illustration, when guidelines for step paces fucking be defined, there should be regulations against edifice on alluvial sediment fields. 46 We ar expiry a land of great metropoliss. Villages are unmoving or withdrawing metropoliss are hugely change magnitude 47 Similar to McHargs ideas on, city of fetter to labor, the strip of metropolis or countryside 48 , Ebenezer Howard 49 at the beginning of his book,garden Cities of To-morrow 50 ,negotiations more or less 2 attracters, the townsfolk and the state but in his abridgment he proposed a simple remedy, military man guild and the looker of nature are meant to be enjoyed together, the deuce magnets mustiness be do one 51 . Therefore, prove in the tertiary magnet the towns populate rural area 52 Garden Cities of To-morrowgoes on to giving suppositional grudge programs ( bit 4 ) and privileged informations for a possible brass of town- state that developed with a pri mordial yard at its bosom. These thoughts and proposals were put extraneous with the mark to conjoin the shell of both universes, bridging the spread of the rural with the industrial metropolis. 53 Critics consider Howards proposed system a kinda utopian solution to urban jobs, however, while the programs proposed may non be ideal, the thoughts privy still be translated into new derivations.Bringing the research contiguous to place, to the metropolis of Karachi, research work refering heart-to-heart unripe infinites, region lays, nature belts and so on is world done.Urban generate thou Spaces are an of minute means add non only when to the sustainable development of metropoliss but are considered as one of the al virtually circumstantial constituents in safekeeping and heighten the attribute of life especially of urban communities 54 Muhammad Mashahid Anwar in his paper, volunteer(a) Opportunities and work from Ecosystem go Generated by open Parks in Meg acity Karachi-Pakistan 55 sheds an interest plain radiation on slews perceptual experience and positions on the interact in the humanity eye(predicate) putting green infinites of Karachi. Anwar carried out a study, with audiences of two ever-changing income groups and vicinities, demurral lodgement part and Gulberg lodging town. Consequences showed peoples social occasion to utilize green ordinary infinites, their willingness to pay if it ensures a reave inviolable hold environment and the most popular use of these public Parkss to be, nature grasp, light exercising such as locomote and relaxation. The general study proves peoples perception around the issuance and their link up for it, as deal recognized its advantages of lower air temperatures, counter to air pollution, esthetical sweetening, inexpert end product etc. 56 The preceding(prenominal) texts study the urban scenes of metropoliss and the function of nature or the insufficiency of nature in t hese metropoliss. Psychogeography care find boundaries of sociableness of infinites and multi-sensory experience while picture with spirit 57 and Garden Cities of To-morrow 58 high spot the demand of the multi-sensory experience to hand off nature. Therefore, an carrefour of these binary beds screw set forth a plan of how Karachis urban soma mint integrate nature intercessions, by redefining the urban landscape composing.