Collective Bargaining Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

embodied negotiate - Research Paper ExampleNegotiation is there in the corporate as well. When it comes to the corporate, negotiation is cognise as bodied bargaining. Collective bargaining is a process where both managerial officials and the union bath place their opinion and they can have a mutual agreement on their interest (Holley, W. H. & Et. Al., The industry Relations Process).Each and either person has the power to fight for their own interest, but when it is collective bargaining both the parties will have a systematic negotiation, so that both the parties remain satisfied. Collective bargaining has become a famous and a common aspect in almost every organization.Collective bargaining is a politically powerful arrangement. The managerial board decides to negotiate with their employees or with the union, so that they can have a continuous and a peaceful work process in the incoming (Holley, W. H. & Et. Al., The Labor Relations Process). In the relation to the above disc ussion, one incident can be observed. United Steelworkers (USW) has successfully bargained various different provisions to improve several facilities and the safeguard of the workers working at ArcelorMittal at 14 plants in around eight states in the US. In fact, for the on-site employees health and safety they have appointed few representatives and a union safety committee. USW negotiated an increase in the minimum government issue of safety training hours per worker as well as an agreement by the company to abide flame-resistant clothing (American Federation of Labor, Collective Bargaining). This development would help the organization to have continued production, heartfelt intrapersonal relationship among the employees and the superiors. It will help to reduce the medication cost on the employee. A Recent clause on Collective Bargaining The Major League Baseball (MLB) is one of the most recognized organizations in the field of baseball. MLB has their steroid policy for their players, and the investigation department is under strict observation and rules and norms. Recently, MLB had a toughened time in the organization and they had to bring certain changes in the policies. And, which was done by collective bargaining. This is a pertinent example of a successful collective bargaining. The article presented about the incident describes that two particular players of the organization were found guilty out of their steroid test. And, the company had appointed a person as consultant to look into the matter. When the result or the report was out, the players did not take it seriously and they showed their doubts regarding the findings. Therefore, the higher officials clear-cut to take an action and they brought certain changes i

Customer satisfaction towards self-checkouts at supermarkets and Dissertation

Customer cheer towards self-checkouts at supermarkets and self-service trend in UK work The case of Tesco, Sainsbury - Dissertation ExampleThe next chapter would be regarding the plans for the future what is going to be discussed to meet the judge aims and objectives. The next chapter that would be discussed in the interim report is regarding the chapters that be going to be added in the final exam report in detail. The last chapter will provide the full summary of the interim report regarding what has been achieved so far in the research. . Chapter One Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives on which the entire research is based on are as follows 1.1 Aims The major aim of this research would be to identify the guests satisfaction take during the self-checkouts at supermarket along with the emerging and experiencing trend of self-service in UK. This would help to evaluate the customers aim of satisfaction at supermarkets Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA. ... Developing 15 questio nnaires for managers to gain information from their perspective, 5 from each Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA. Preparing of interview schedules for 30 respondents that frequently purchase from the retail superstores, 10 from each Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA. Chapter Two Literature review With the passage of time, supermarkets develop implemented the concept of innovation, creativity and technology into the services offered which enables the customers to get required service on their have got (Bitner, M. Amy, L. Ostrom and Matthew, L. 2002). Supermarkets such as Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA are not just focusing on innovation the products being offered to the customers, exactly are also innovating the services within the company to enhance the customers satisfaction (Clodfelter, 2011). 2.1 Customers felicity Customers satisfaction could be said as the boilers suit experience gained during the service (Menon and Dube, 2000). The overall experience is heavily relied upon the desires, needs an d expectations that have been met or exceeded during the course of experience (Lovelock, 2001). From this, it could be said that satisfaction in a sense, means the ability of supermarkets to meet the customers expectation. To provide service to customer exceeding the expectation is an objective that each supermarket is trying to achieve and to do so, the retail giants in UK Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA, are constantly implementing strategies to gain it. Customers satisfaction could be defined as a sound judgment that is followed by consumption experience. This indicates the level of experience gained from the consumption of a good or service and the level of pleasure provided by the product to

History in the 21st Century Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History in the 21st Century - Term Paper ExampleThe different nestlees employ when studying the subject create uniqueness doneout the different historical eras. This essay will accordingly investigate various historical approaches in the 20th century. The essay will also investigate the price reduction of the different approaches in history to scholars. Similar to ancient and medieval history, the twentieth history had its unique approach and method. Marxism is a historical approach of the twentieth century that was introduced by Marx. Through his philosophy, Marx had many followers who believed that that the founding of any society is find by relationship between individuals and not the personal characteristic of all(prenominal) member of the society. Marxism historical approach was introduced at the height of conflict between capitalist economy and communism. According to Marx, capitalism was unsustainable and it would soon be overtaken by communism. redness considered the economy to be a key player in the determination of events or different approaches taken by life. Introducing the notion of economy was an appropriate step that the Marxist took to study the subject. This is because the economy is a major determinant of social life and societies. The economic condition of a given federation determines the different approaches towards life that the communities take for their own interest. The need to maintain economic constancy also determines the different measurers that are taken by a community to protect its interest. Although communism exponent be a better economic approach, it is unsustainable and hence the predictions made by the Marxist are not realistic. Economic sustainability is realized from sustainable economic principles. Such economy is more likely to be realized from a capitalist economy than from a communist economy. This indicates that the predictions made by the Marxists are unrealistic and perfidious in the long-term. The new social history is the most recent branch of history. In this technique, historians apply heathenish approaches to study political history of a given society. Culture is the overall collection of a communitys way of life and beliefs. Communities preserve their finis by passing it from generation to generation. The culture of a given society therefore defines a form of investment that a society makes over a long duration. Culture is therefore as good basis that historians can rely on to determined or investigate the political history of a certain community. The approach taken by the new social history to study the political history of a society is an appropriate approach since it utilizes the culture of a society1. Multiculturalism is more of an ideology than a historical approach. Scholars, who apply this approach in their investigations, consider the earth of cultural institutions. The institutionalization of different communities is the classification of different communities b ased on their common interests. Historians who study the society through multiculturalists approach study the subject by analyzing the different classes of the society such as businesses, cities, nations and institutions. People piss a tendency of forming groups that contain peck with a common interest. The different groups or societies determine people way of life and their different approach towards life. Although this approach enables history scholars to study the general characteristic of a community, it does not give specific or detailed information about a community. The ap

The Launching of Credit Card in Romania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Launching of Credit Card in Romania - judge ExampleThe bank which is launching the humor is Alpen bank. The objective of the research is to find out whether the launch of acknowledgement invoice into the kingdom will be worth and whether such a launch will be able to generate the sufficient list of revenues so that the feasibility of the rude(a) product is proved in terms of entry-decision. SWOT analysis is carried out to find out the relevant opportunities and issues about the establishment of new reference point card business. Market positioning of the bank is analyzed for the successful establishment of the doctrine card business. SWOT Analysis Strengths The strength of the bank comes from its bounteous customers. Majority of customers of the bank belong to the upper strata of the society. Having affluent customers also means that they ar more frequent with the use of credit card and the purchase amount is also high. Weaknesses The major weakness of the credit card business comes because of the low growth effectiveness. The growth potential of credit card business is very low in Romania compared to other emerging markets. Lack of consumer accept in terms of management of credit card and related monetary transaction is another weakness, because of which bulk of customers opt for cash transactions. The country has suffered a three year long recession which has affected the invigoration style of the common people. Consumers have become price sensitive and opt for cutting budgets with the objective of manner of speaking money. This is a weak link for the credit card business because it is a general perception among consumers that keeping credit separate leads to higher amount of purchases as compared to cash purchases. Another issue in credit card business is that, most of the times credit card is used for exclusive cash withdrawals earlier than using it for real purpose that it purchase. Apart from this, since credit card business is relat ively new and unidentified to the customers of Romania, huge investments will be needed with respect of advertising, direct marketing and support infrastructure. Opportunities The opportunities from this credit card business can be explained in terms of the political, social and other related factors affecting the country and the credit card industry as well Political- legal policies, procedure and other corporate obligations in the country are not very stringent, which will help in the smother transaction of the business. Economic- the sparing environment of Romania has improved since 2006, after the country entered into the European Union. Since then, the microeconomic trends have been positive and with the increasing income, the disposable income of the households has also emergenced. This shows the opportunity of the credit card business to bank on the increased economic conditions of the country. Socio-cultural- with the increase in the economic status, it is expected that o ne third of the Romanian population will prefer brand products. This will increase the overall use of credit cards in the country. Technological- with the advent of globalization, more are more companies have stated to market their products and services into more emerging and developing markets. As the accessibility of engine room has become cheaper and readily available, the credit card business can tap on this opportunity. Since credit card business will need technological assistance, the company can use the latest technology available to gain a sustainable competitive advantage over the competitors. Environmental- the use of credit cards is totally free from creating environmental hazards. The use of online transactions will also decrease the use of makeup which will influence the environment in a positive manner. Threats Similarly, the threats from this credit

If The Launching Of Wal-Mart Organic Product Line May Fail Essay

If The Launching Of Wal-Mart Organic Product attract May Fail - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that the benefits of consuming organic foods as opposed to touch items have been acknowledged by a significant faction of society and this judgment has gradually progressed into proper common knowledge there are certain limitations with regard to the consumption of organic foods which potentially ricochet buyers from purchasing products which fall under this category. As reported by Charles, the single most significant factor, in this case, is related with the relatively high costs of organic foods which essentially deter the rushes from declining to consume bear on items which possess a much lower price tag. Moreover, other aspects that can be linked with this frequent issue are linked to the distribution of organic foods and the inadequacy of current distribution channels that do not fall under the scope of mass retailing. Given the development of the existing scenario, the p urpose of this abstract is to examine Wal-Marts prospects in the organic foods industry by applying the recommendations of Porters 5 Forces strategic tool to comprehend the state of the industry in a more comprehensive manner and collapse pertinent recommendations to the company for achieving future success. The arrival of Wal-Mart in the organic foods market could not be carry for a significant period of time because the company was forced to approve the closure of its organic foods instigator by 2007. Thus, as a consequence of this action critics and industry analysts began to raise the question as to whether the mass retailer possesses the capability to make organic food cheap and affordable for the mass market that it serves. As noted previously, the factor of high pricing remains one of the most important considerations with regard to the notion of popularizing organic food consumption amongst the larger population. Thus, gaining an advantage by enhancing cost efficiency ca n be deemed as one of the most critical factors for acquiring success in the market. Secondly, it is also important to empathise those customer motivations for paying more for organic foods must be recognized and highlighted to comprehend the demands of the audience and regale them accordingly.

College Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College Scholarship - Essay standardFor accommodation, each of us was assigned a room with a roomy when we were registering to join the program. In my case, my roommate was Asha, who came from a Muslim background. In my life, I had never ever interacted with Muslims since I had been raised in a staunch Christian home. I would hear of people saying that other religions had different ways of doing things, further I had no first-hand experience with then anyway.My experience with Asha was great though I came to learn and bring in some beliefs that I can call weird to me somehow. On the first day, since she was the only friend whom I had interacted with, I spent most of my evening with her. The first thing, which amazed me, was that she had to wash her feet before praying. Additionally, she had to recite a number of verses from the Quran (Henningfeld, 2010).With my curiosity, I asked her why she had to do, and she responded by telling me that their religion required them to do so. Fu rther, she told me that they were suppositional to pray at specific condemnation where they had different prayer versions for different times of the day. This was totally oppositeness from what I practiced in Christianity. In my religion, one can pray at any time regardless of whether they are clean or dirty.My curiosity never ended there Asha had a typical way of dressing. According to their religion, a woman is supposed to cover her hair all the time. Sometimes it could be extremely hot, and I would her why she could not remove some clothes.However, one thing, which I really wish with the Muslim community during the exchange program, is that they were very united in different activities. They dined together as they overlap their daily experiences with other students from different states in the country. They also have a specific time of praying, irrelevant the Christian community which never united as some were protestants while others where Roman Catholics.

The informative speech. (Preparation Outline) Essay

The enlightening speech. (Preparation Outline) - Essay ExampleHave you ever know what ar the psychological theories of maturement process?II. I will inform you about the three major theories of develop process, their consequences on human mind. I gift seen aged pack around me with approximately problems. Some of them are expressive while some of them pick to remain silent.III. I will inform you the different theories involved in aging process. There are biological as well as psychological theories. Basically I want to focus on the psychological theories of aging process.2. Historically, the psychological study of human aging evolved in the twentieth century. Publications that mark this ontogenesis are, for instance, Eisdorfer and Lawton (1973) and the first handbook on the psychology of aging edited by Birren and Schaie.3.1. The Activity Theory This system is also known as implicit conjecture of aging or normal theory of aging. The theory was developed by Robert J. Havighu rst in 1961. According to this theory, a successful aging takes place when older people remain active and maintain their social interactions.3.2. Disangagement Theory It is based on the observation in the ground forces study of Cumming and Henry (1979) According to this theory, aging is an inevitable mutual withdrawal or disengagement, resulting in lessen interaction between aging person and others in the social systems he belongs to.ii. Social activeness by encouraging them to stay in the company of same member group in our housing auberge such as senior citizens club. Taking proper and healthy diet and involve in some physical activities that will suit them.Aging is an inevitable process in everyones life. The information I leave alone you about aging will be useful to know scientifically and cognitively about aging process. I explain the major theories in which you can study human behaviour in aging period.Now be familiar with the aging

Best is the new worst and glamour, that certain something Research Paper

Best is the new bastinado and glamour, that certain something - Research Paper ExamplePrint media showed women with long hair and meat on their body to be the most desirable. However gradually with time the perception of being beautiful changed from limited curves on a womans body along with short hair. Media revolves around the concept of picking up an ideal fashion of the parliamentary law and conveys it to the audience so that the audience can adopt that particular fashion. It is by these channels that the large audience is being controlled by the media. People who watch television get exalt by some sort of fashion and try to adopt it. To become cool in the society one tries to imitate the person that they watch on the different forms of traditional media. Media does affect our perception of debaucher in one way or the other and at times this can prove to be disastrous for the people whose perceptions are being tangled with (Gallagher 2009). References How the Media Changes Our Perception of Beauty. Tammy Gallagher. 2009. Associated Content.

Scene comparison between the movie Il Gattopardo (The Leopard by Essay

Scene comparison between the movie Il Gattopardo (The Leopard by Visconti) and the novel - Essay ExampleThe battle scenes, was developed from dissimilar Italy regions depending on the armies constitution that were mired in the battles. The resulting movie captivated all the senders. The scene has recreated the atmosphere of19th century in a complete(a) manner on their fittings and interiors, time of day, color, scorching heat, coolness search, and the dust that covers the noble when making their way to the fastness Donnafugata, the cloths used, the coaches interior, and the filthy cloak of clergyman, the furniture, and the single frame of the ball sequence accounts for a quarter of the hit and which seems to be unending. This is the world that is portrayed by the author, in the disappearing verge, and in the look of the most proustian film that has ever been shot. For the miracle to achieve a arrangement of outstanding talents was collected veterans seasoned by multiple Viscot ian battles. The Palermo aristocrats play in the sequence of dance but also lent the producer a lot of mise-en-scene. The film is the work where the author challenges the impossible, selecting to recreate realistically events which took a century earlier. The achievement of the author is magnificent that it appears the various echoes of 19th century outlook in the film have not been highlighted. The painting on the debate of the house participated in a dialogue with the prince of Salina and protagonists. During the dancing break, while contemplating a Jean Baptista famous painting. The prince of Salim is involved in death attempt for the first time and he imagines the next departure of young Tancredi. In the film, the director appeared to embrace contradictions. How did the Italian neorealism progenotir, which emphasizes the mise en scene naturalistic, eventually move towards making the operatic costume dramas and grand? According to Salvador Dali, he describes the producer and t he communist that like luxury. The multiple questions are generated when watching the film. To richly understand the puzzle, the film story need not be told without mentioning its source (novel). The historical time is Risorgimento collection of conflicts that resulted to the formation of a single political entire of Italy, and within the events of the 1860 that same the Garibaldis army helped by local militia that rebelled against the Bourbon

Global Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Leadership and Management - quiz ExampleThe researcher states that in the light of one salient threat to the Kids Retail, mentioned in its SWOT analysis, which is the contestation posed by the kids shops of the forged chains resembling Wall-Mart and Limited Corporation, the researchers company could exploit this threat as a pivotal opportunity for international expansion. It is a practical particular that the emerging kids apparel companies simply cannot contend with the retail and logistics potential of the established big chains. Considering the fact that apparel retailing is a capital and investment intensive business, our company could opt to emerge as a leading kids apparel brand by striking pan-global alliances with leading apparel retail stores like Wal-Mart, Sears and JC Pennys. Kids apparel business is required to contend with a complex market, considering the fact that a braggy segment of the consumers tend to fall with off the typical consumer profile. Hence the resources saved on establishing new stores and supply and logistics operations, ingenuity the alliances forged with the big global chains could be better spent on coming out with large lines during the main selling seasons that are spring, summer, back to school and holidays. At an international level, kids fashion happens to be one of the fast growing categories of clothing. So the time and resources saved by leaving retailing to the big clothing chains like Wal-Mart and JC Pennys, the researchers company could focus on its substance competencies like monitoring the international trends in kids clothing and fast adapting the products to the emerging trends.

Explain how the corporate guided market mitigates the threat of Essay

Explain how the corporate guided market mitigates the holy terror of under- utilization in the system of abundance - Essay ExampleMany people may fail to contract in consumption because they lack the necessary information about the ready(prenominal) commodities. Therefore, by engaging in activities like branding and advertising, the potential consumers would be equipped with the information about the production, use and benefits of various commodities in the market. Through this, they would be lured to buy them thus increasing their consumption levels to match the level of production (Keynes 75). apart from intensive marketing of the available commodities, the corporate guided market should consider reviewing the labor market. Since under consumption is attributed to low or stagnated wages, the employees should be offered higher and reasonable wages that correspond with the kind of work that they offer. This shtup help in empowering them to have enough income that they can use in purchasing all the available commodities in the market (Sullivan & Steven 29). After all, they are produced to be fully

Business Article from NY times, Economist, Bloomberg

Business from NY times, Economist, Bloomberg - Article ExampleThe poor public presentation of the stock market has reduced the returns of investors on their savings and the declining interest rates mean that a bouffant pension pot would be required to generate a certain retirement income. The cost of providing pensions to employees has increase thence the shift to defined contribution plans. fit to the article, most employees have a problem with deferred gratifications and solitary(prenominal) few have the self-control to delay their pensions. Employees have to wait for long period up to 40 years for the pension to pay-off, but the pension pot may not be worth their contributions (Buttonwood 73).According to the author, British Institute and Faculty of Actuaries has examined whether there are possibilities of offering guaranteed pensions in the Defined Contributions market. The article offers a simple method of offering (virtually) guaranteed pension if investors buy the index-l inked government bonds since savings are protected against all inflation and government cannot default (Buttonwood 73). However, the returns are low, and thus why most government pension and collective funds have invested heavily in equities hoping excess returns in equity market will yield them make lower contributions. Accordingly, one can hedge against the equity risk by buying derivatives such(prenominal) as a put option that guarantees the derivative holder the option of selling the shares at a set price but over the long term put options will be more(prenominal) expensive that short-term contracts (Buttonwood 73).Other approached of offering the guaranteed pensions in DC market include using Byzantine hedging strategies that rebalance the portfolio to eliminate any substantial losses. This involves using the high returns of equities in a low-risk manner thus reducing the costs of purchasing a guarantee (Buttonwood 73).However, the actuaries have failed in calculating the costs of guarantee, and justification against inflation. From this perspective, pensions are long term

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Law - Essay ExampleThey are also liable for replacement of the misplayy blu-ray thespian purchased by Bob from them although more than 3 old age have passed after the purchase. reckless Department interject is just what their name expounds it is reckless. One can non do business in a reckless manner. The removal of the unhorse guard rails on the stairwell despite many complaints from customers was responsible for Lassies death. The fracturing of Bobs skull due to the barriers crash on the cars roof was also the fault of Reckless Department Store because the car park was handled or mishandled by them. Finally, the malfunction of the blu-ray player must be set right by Reckless Department Store because they cannot count the number of days Bob spent in the hospital for the purpose of the sale contract (Unfair Contract Terms deed 1977, p1).Actually, Erewhon Police Service must take the initiative in handling all the trinity cases. This is because of Reckless Department Stores neg ligence that the mishaps have occurred. Reckless irresponsible behavior resulted in the deviation of their dog, and loss of manpower as Bob could not report for duty during his time at the hospital.The three cases must be handed to a legal expert who ordain be able to return the laws to their logical conclusions. Reckless Department Store is misinterpreting laws to its own benefits. First of all, Reckless must have unlikable surgical procedure or relocated elsewhere while renovation work was going on. By not keeping business closed due to renovation, Reckless was exposing customers to myriad risks and dangers.Reckless must be interpreted to task sufficiently so that it sends the clear message for Department Store and other businesses to close operation or relocate while renovation is in progress in their own premises. Otherwise it will become easy for others to carry on business in similar circumstances and throw up their hands when faced with litigations for accidents and loss es

Kevin Carter's 1993 Pulitzer Prize Winning Photograph Essay

Kevin Carters 1993 Pulitzer Prize Winning Photograph - Essay ExampleThe 2nd Sudanese Civil warfare commenced in the 1980s. This was a fourth dimension of extreme turmoil and poverty in Sudan which was a former British colony. The war which is often believed to have been based on racial and religious conflicts amidst the warring tribes caused thousands of goals and the expiry of the agricultural sector of the nation. Poverty was a vogue of carriage and famine was the main cause of death for these mickle. Just like in any war, it is the tykeren that suffer the most from the seemingly never ending battle and turmoil within the country. It was this struggle and suffering that southeast Afri toilet photojournalist Kevin Carter managed to capture with his camera lens rearwards in 1993. Those familiar with the losss on of the war in Sudan know that by the time the characterization was taken, 1.3 million people in the Sudan had already died of hunger, disease or violence. Sense less deaths that were caused by the civil war between the Arab and Muslim dominated government in the north of the country and the mostly Christian animist, black irregular in the south. (Taylor, J, 1998) There were quite a number of photojournalists who were on the beat during this war. Most of them took decent and memorable photographs of the war torn country. However, none of them were able to come to par when it came to the lucky shot that Kevin Carter was lucky passable to have witnessed and captured on film the day that he came to visit Sudan in 1993. The story behind this Pulitzer pleasant photograph is one which shall emotionally tug on the heartstrings of any man. Carter had flown in to Sudan as part of a UN Food Distribution group. He was on the ground for 30 minutes taking various photographs of everything that was going on around him. This photograph of a vulture hovering over an emaciated and almost dead child was a one in a million shot that he managed to capture on film. (Taylor, J, 1998) The spick-and-span York Times bought the photograph from Carter and published it for the world to see. It struck a cord amongst the people of the world. Most people asking why he had not stopped to help the child. Although the picture was met with mixed reactions, the reality of the photograph is what won it the Pulitzer Prize in Photography for that year. This picture was the embodiment of the struggle that the Sudanese people set about on a daily basis. The child with barely any life in her clawing and crawling her way to the food center at the United Nations camp a mere kilometer away. The child was so near to salvation and yet so far and possible, too late to be helped because vultures are cognise to only circle around almost dead bodies, waiting for their prey to die so they can rip away the flesh for their own food. The vulture and the child. both represent the two sectors of starving populations in the country, the people, and the animals struggle for suvival in what literally become a dog eat dog world for them. Both were starving and in need of food. But only one was sure to gain the sustenance it needed sooner rather than later. If I didnt have any background information about this picture, I could never imagine that the vulture is waiting for the child to die so that it can eat it. It was a scary and real thought for those who saw what was going on but the child, weakened by life struggles and barely alive, had no idea as to the fate that was awaiting her if she did not make it to the food camp in time. To this very day nobody knows if the child made it to the camp or if she became a casuality of the war time food chain. Though Carter had won the highest possible accolades for his excellent composition piece, the criticism and controversy that the picture created resulted in his becoming one of the most hated men in the world because he chose to take a picture of a tragedy rather than coming to the aid of the child in th e hopes of preventing an even larger tragedy from occuring. Little did everyone know that this particular picture and all of the events that he had covered in South Africa

The new atkins diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The new atkins sustenance - Essay ExampleThe diet allows for portion control and an explanation of how the bulwark of carbohydrates arsehole be beneficial to people. There is evidence that restricting carbohydrates can be beneficial to those smell to lose clog, with further evidence that restricted carbohydrates can help with diseases such as those involving seizures, Alzheimers or type 2 diabetes. Restricting carbohydrates, however, can be seen as restricting the body from some of the fare items needed to have a balanced diet. The consideration of the New Atkins Diet is controversial and is likely not a good recommendation for a patient in search of honorable weight control. sensation of the first things that the writers of the New Atkins Diet state is that the diet was once a fad, but has been proven medically safe for those needing to lose weight (Westman, Phinney and Volek 2010, p. x). Westman, Phinney, and Volek (2010, p. xi) also go on to describe the benefits of low car bohydrate diets to the attention of Alzheimers, autism, Lou Gehrigs disease, and brain tumours. The authors do go on to say that there are a extensive many people, both medical professionals and layman, who do not believe that the Atkins form of eating is healthy or practical, but in pursuing their goals to fight obesity, they believe that the once fad diet has the potency to revolutionize the lifestyles of those who adhere to their concepts. Looking at the framework within which the eating style is based can begin to reveal whether or not the diet is valuable as a tool for weight loss. Figure 1 is a diagram pyramid that shows how foods should be considered in a low carb diet.As the food lifestyle is explained, it is clear that the hope for this version is to make the consumer understand that the diet is not almost eating nothing but beef, bacon, and butter (Westman, Phinney, and Volek 2010, p. xv). In Dr. Atkins book of 2002 which further explored his theories on weight loss, t he diet is

Quality and Safety Two Sides of the Same Coin Coursework

Quality and Safety Two Sides of the Same Coin - Coursework Example harmonise to National Transportation Safety Board, civil airwave accidents in the United States for 2011 had slightly increased than the earlier year (i.e. 2010). Numbers of civil accidents extradite increased from 1500 in the year 2010 to 1550 in the year 2011. Simultaneously, the fatalities have increased from 473 in the year 2010 to 485 in the year 2011. In the year 2011, 28 chances were accounted for the Part 121 fashion carriers and 4 accidents were reported for the part 135 commuter1. This statistic show that the differences between the accidents stations between the two days do not vary much, even though efforts have been made that are needed to get a line higher fictitious character and large safety to the consumers. It has undoubtedly become one among the top most priorities of the aviation companies. Aviation labor is an important industry in the United Kingdom and influences the countrys boilers suit economy and lives of the people. The British Airways based in the UK is one of the best airline companies operating in the world. Its spot revolves round the customer satisfaction and its primary goal is to provide utmost satisfaction to its customers through ensuring quality and safety. The aviation industry in the United Kingdom is booming at a tremendous rate every year, thereby creating the need to maintain best quality along with the highest safety measures to its customers2. The continuously changing environment in the aviation sector has posed certain significant challenges to improve the quality in service and the safety measures provided to the customers. Risk in Aviation Industry Risk in aviation industry emanates from a number of factors. Pilots usually have to work in complex circumstances and operate unitedly with different technologies. In such circumstances, the risk is very high and threats come from variety of sources3. Icing during the winters causes weari some layer of clouds cover that may cause difficulties to the pilot while flying. Icing and freezing are putting green in European countries including the United Kingdom. The other major reason that acts as a hurdle in the aviation is the wind factor. During taking off or at the time of landing, strong wind possesses considerable risk to the aircrafts. During thunderstorm, lightening is caused which discharges electric that may destroy the aircraft and may cause fire in the give notice tank which may result into explosion in the aircraft4. In addition to this, it can disrupt the communion system and the navigation tool present in the aircraft. When there is a large storm, it may keep an eye on with the hail stone that may damage the skin of the aircraft. It is not only the natural factors that cause alter and create threats while flying in aircrafts but the most imperative factor that is responsible for the aircraft mishap is the technical errors. Today, alike other sector, the aviation sector is also highly dependent on technology. disrespect technological advancements, there have been a number of cases of technological sorrows such as engine failure and communication error during the course of a flight. Engine failure is probably the most dangerous spatial relation that may lead to fatal accidents. Engine failure may be caused by the contamination of discharge or the pump failure. Another reason for the engine failure is the spark plugs that may not scarper properly during the flying stage5. Technological factors can be avoided, if proper inspection is conducted before the

Information accessible Essay Example for Free

Information accessible EssayIn the late 20th century, when world was introduced to internet, it all began from there. E genuinely angiotensin converting enzyme wanted a presence on the global repository, a network of selective information accessible by anybody in the world with the help of WWW (World Wide Web). The importance of selective information was very significant and the interoperability of data among different websites was a necessity. This gave a boost to web and broadcastming. Many languages have emerged in front of a Web Developer. It is difficult for a developer to decide which one to choose and also to enshroud the maximum advantages rendered by each. At this stage, the web developer is interested to find which language would be less interwoven but more powerful. Although there be languages like JAVA, C++, Visual Basic, VC++, etc. that allow one to create applications that can be taken as web pages, for viewing these applications the web browser has to encount er them into HTML (Hyper text edition Markup Language). This gave the boost to the Markup Language specified by the web consortium as the scorn language understood by all the web browsers.Abstractly, marking-up text is a methodology for encoding data with information about it itself. Examples of markups (encoded data) are universal in the real world. For example, when we were in school, we probably applyd to use a bright yellow highlighter pen to highlight sentences in our school restrains. We did so because we thought that the highlighted sentences would be multipurpose to review around exam time and we also wanted a quick way to skimming through the important points.Just like us, thousands of students around the world did guidely the same thing for the exact same reason. By highlighting certain bit of text, we were effectively Marking-Up the data. Essentially, we specified that certain sentences were important by marking them in yellow. These sentences became encoded with the fact that they were important. Because everyone followed the same standard of marking up, we could easily pick up a used text book and get a good idea about the core points of the book from the highlighted sections.Similarly, a standard must be in place to define what a valid markup is. Markup involves adding of characters to a piece of information such that these characters can be used to process that information in a particular way. A Markup language is not a formatting language. A formatting language focuses on describing the final display of a document without describing the document content. The best example of formatting language is RTF (Rich Text Format). RTF was created specifically to describe the final format of a document, using codes embedded in a document.These codes are readable through a wide variety of applications, from word processors to page layout programs, but they are primarily invisible to a document developer. A Markup language is not a programming language because a programming language creates a set of instructions that are interpreted or compiled into a program or application. The best example of a programming language is Java and a markup language is XML. A markup language does not worry about how the content it describes is formatted, but is instead, concerned about accurately describing its contents.

Internet Banking in India Essay Example for Free

profit cambering in India EssayThe banking empyrean in India has underg mavin a rapid variety. Almost a decade ago this bea was limited to nationalized banks and reconciling. Then came the multinational banks, hardly were these limited to serve lower-ranking elite.One could consider the past as the Middle Ages in the banking welkin, in which each severalize of the homogeneous bank acted as independent information silo and multichannel banking (ATMs, Net Banking, tele-banking, etc. was almost nonexistent. The master(prenominal) reason for this first transformation is due to improved methods developed encryption security and cyberspace. The second reason is that banks do not need to lose a potential market share for banks that are quick to offer their net profit services. The quarry of this research is just comparing the modern era banking system with the old one.The evolution of modern banking engineering began with the call of advanced machines shipping Ledger (ALPM) in the 1980s. The Reserve Bank of India, which is a central indemnity under which several public sector banks, financial institutions, NBFCs etc. working in India had advised consequently all banks to go massive computerization branch level. Two options were raised i. e. either to automate the front line office or office. Many banks opted for ALPM office mechanization in the first phase. Banks as State Bank of India, a public sector commercial bank, foc workd on automating back office in branch level.The Rangarajan Committee 1985 report said the banks had to get computerized. The second undulation of development called for Total Bank mechanization (TBA) in late 1980. This automated both the front-end and back-end trading operations within the same branch. TBA compound total automation of a particular branch with its own entropybase. In the third gear wave, the new private sector banks entered the field. These banks go through opted for a different model of having on e central database instead of having multiple databases for all branches. This was possible thank to the availability of good network infrastructure.In the beginning of the 1990s, the cost of the leased line goes down. The DoT was expanding its dexterity and new technologies were being implemented. Earlier, banks were unsure of directing the whole operation through a single data center. However, when a couple of private sector banks implemented efficiently, opposite banks began to show interest, and also began consolidating their databases in a single database 8. Banks follow this movement by choosing appropriate application software that supports centralized operations. The fourth wave began with the evolution of ATM delivery channel.This was the first degree of training the client for their own transactions. The second stage was Suvidha experiment in the city of Bangalore in India. This showed the power of technology and how the scope can be increase at a rate unusually large. Seeing this, all banks began to renew their retail distribution channels. Their main focus became the number of customers they can service at a lower cost. The main channels are chains such as lucre banking and mobile banking. After this came alliances for payment through different gateways.The third major event happening now is the real beat gross settlement system of the RBI. once this is in trust, transactions between banks can be done through the settlement system, online, electronically. So collections leave become very fast. Within five years, most transactional services are provided by way of the Internet. Net-based banking takes sole(prenominal) 10 percent of the operating costs of conventional banking practices and services. Because banks will play a key enjoyment in terms of public services related to electronic money transactions we feel that cooperative banks NET-Banking should consider in a big way.A cost comparison study by IBM spheric Services Consulting Grou p clearly shows the advantage of using Internet for banking services through another handed-down media. The opening of the Indian banking sector to private players acted as a turning point for the transformation. De-regulation efforts led more financial institutions (such as HDFC and ICICI) and non-financial institutions entering the field of banking. With the entry of private players in retail banking and with multinationals focuses on single consumers in a big way, the banking system experienced a change a phenomenal.Multi-channel banking gained importance. For the first epoch consumers have the option conducting transactions in either the traditional way (through the bank branch), through ATMs, by phone or through the network. Technology played a key role in providing this multi-platform service. stimulant drug private actors driven patterns combined with new nationalized banks forced to redefine their core banking strategy. And technology is central to this change. Internet Banking is the most effective means of banking.The bank customers changing relationships significantly, open standards replace property front ends, many-to-many surrogate net workings single line, links and traditional locking erosion, so that corporations enjoy lower switching costs. Corporations source oecumenical and find the best cane. Corporate customers are free to disaggregate their corporate banking shopping, selecting the best genetics for every need, geographic and functionally, and the interconnected use of front-end to manage the complexity of multiple vendors. Methodology Let us now oppose the IT journey of two of the leading banks of india i. e. Pnb and hdfc. Punjab National BankPunjab National Bank (PNB), a public sector commercial bank, has come a long way since March 2000, when IT systems are deployed only 500-odd branches, and was very uneven. lonesome(prenominal) 35 percent of the bank business was computerized and a number of small software packages running on independent PCs. Now 2003, gross national product had 101 branches in a WAN, deployed core banking infrastructure and network works 175 ATMs. It has also deployed a reliable security infrastructure that helps make transactions within its harum-scarum branches. The journey does not end here, but along the way banks gathered valuable familiarity and experience. almost of the preconditions were that the RBI systems must be audited by an independent auditor, and an independent agency should carry authentic expose penetration tests. The bank has already had their systems audited by an external agency, and penetration testing process is ongoing. In the process, GNP has developed the skills of its own staff to take charge of security on their own at a later stage. The bank also hire technically trained personnel to provide the necessary knowledge base. With the launch of Internet banking, the bank will also strengthen its security policies.A private sector bank had a centralized IP- based network right from its inception. All branches throughout the country converge at their respective location zonal center, which in turn connects to the data center Mumbai. Based on the disposition of the entity and spoke network architecture, the branches are distributed in different regions and each position has an important regional center. locomote branches under a location connected to the hub in the main area. These hubs then connect to the central situate (data center) using a combination of 2 Mbps tubes and 64 Kbps, depending on the total volume of transactions liberation through.A highlight of HDFC Bank Network is the presence of two or more hubs in one place. Pre-Internet banking A security issue during the pre-Internet has more to do with the internal activities of a company. From the early days as technology solutions for banking applications mainframe, AS400 or Unix- had a lot of security built. Transactions that are directed from the branch to the main server is encrypted no individual passwords and many functions have two levels of authorization. in that respectfore safety banking largely integrated in the software or the application itself.Today banking in India is not limited to a branch. bulk have less time to devote to their banking and would like to make use of banking services through other channels. In a competitive market, where services offered command market share, banks are constantly competing for customers. Banking has become a process of choice and convenience. By offering different channels until banks have succeeded in divert their operations from one branch to other channels. The result has been a reduction in the cost per transaction at the branch. An average transaction costs about 100 rupees branch, at an ATM in question Rs. 0, and the Internet is around Rs. 20. But unfortunately a very small percentage of customers out not use the Internet Banking in India. This is due to factors such as low PC penetration, and pe netration of Internet itself is low. At present only a few banks (eg HDFC, PNB, etc) have demonstrated the Internet initiative banking and have a strong advantage over other banks through a large number of customers still use ATMs. Typically 55 percent, on average, the operations of these banks are in the ATM, branch 30 percent, 8 percent Phone and 7 percent Internet.As with any new technology issue new face. There are a number of problems faced by these banks. One of the first problems is that of customer service. Banks need to give a whole new customer relations department to help customers. Banks need to ensure that customers absorb help quickly if they need help. The major problems or disasters can destroy banks reputation quickly and easily. By showing the customer that the Internet is reliable they are able get the client can think the online banking more and more. Besides these the first is the main concern of the laws.While Internet banking has no national or state border s, the law does. Companies will have to make sure you have the software in place that can detect when a law of a state to another is being violated. Security of course, is a big problem with banks. Along with security problems and manage cryptographic a bank also has to engross about becoming a far too cold for the customer. Some think the banks offering Internet banking services our increasingly cold and impersonal with customer. Despite the problems that exist however, are not as heavy(a) as you think.With encryption and security technology to improve in leaps and with banks and financial institutions are allowed to use 128-bit Internet banking is increasingly Code secure. The future of modern banking integration is, as people have less time for banking. My profile revealed that the banks that offer online banking services are rapidly becoming the choice of citizens in the urban areas. nation pauperism to process more transactions online. Soon there will be more legal action in terms of applications and services on mobile. Geography is not an inhibitor more, since all can run on the network.Integration will become the next big thing in real. The customer will sine qua non a one-stop workshop that will take care of all your needs. For example people will want to buy their mutual funds, redeem his mutual funds, insurance policies buy, renew policies, and buy movie tickets, train tickets and many similar transactions through the bank. The ATM still serve as an effective means of dispensing, but the Internet and mobile will be very active. Banks that use the Internet banking have higher range of return deposits and provide higher interest rates in general, and not have to deal with cashiers, branches, etc. and then in the times ahead and the actual Virtual banks will not dominate the future.

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay Example for Free

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay1. The fictional tidings, Jonathon Livingston Seagull compose by Richard Bach, sold over a million copies during its debut in 1970 and stayed on The New York clock Top Ten list for 38 weeks in a row. The figment focuses on Jonathon the patsys passion for locomote and his belief that there is more(prenominal) to bearing than scavenging for food. Bach explores the idea that there is more to this life than what meets the eye and the extreme satisfaction you receive when doing mostthing you are great at and have a passion for. 2. The setting of this storey takes place on some sea edge where thousands of marks live. The sea shore setting described in the book really helps to paint a picture of what Jonathon and this hatch of seagulls experient daily, It was morning, and the new-fashi mavend sun sparkled gold across the ripples of a gentle sea.(Bach pg 3)3. Jonathon Livingston Seagull is the protagonist in this story with his strong driv e and persistence to be different from the flock and to be his own seagull. The antagonists in the story are the Elders of the flocks of seagulls because they are very closed mined leaders and they force Jonathon and other seagulls to be friendless from society and ban them to a life of isolation and desp line of merchandise. Chiang was an Elder Gull that taught Jonathon very specialized flying techniques and improved his skills and taught him things about life. When Jonathon was outcast from the gull community everyone in the community thought that Jonathon was a intoxicating and irresponsible seagull, so when Jonathon finally returned to the community and everyone saw how amazing his flying skills were they changed their minds and many of them asked to be taught by Jonathon himself which was breaking the gull community law, This is an example of foil characters. His thought was triumph. Terminal velocity A seagull at two hundred and fourteen miles per hours It was a breakthroug h, the greatest single moment in the narrative of the flock, and in that moment a new age opened for Jonathon Gull. (pg 16-17)4. The piece of this story is a traditional plot type. The story ends with the last words of his Jonathons teacher, Keep working on love. Through his teachings, Jonathan understands that the life sentence cannot be really free without the ability to forgive, and that the way to progress leads for him, at least through graceful a teacher, not just through working hard as a student. So, if any seagull believes that it is free to do what it penurys to, it becomes Jonathan the seagull, for whom, possibilities were endless. Every law is an illusion. Once we become conscious of this, our existence gets a new meaning. a. The biggest conflict was Jonathon going against the average of the seagull community and ultimately getting expelled from the community for his irresponsible acts. For his heady irresponsibility, Violating the dignity and tradition of the Gull family. (pg 24) b. The situation at the end where Jonathon returned to the breakfast seagull flock was significant because it demonstrated forgiveness and compassion. These gulls hated Jonathon and wanted nothing to do with him and yet he mum had the courage to forgive them and even teach them how to fly like he does. You have to practice to correspond the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to decide it in themselves.(pg 89)5. -This book was definitely one of the more inspiring books that made me think out of the box that I have film in quite some time. For example, I really liked one of the messages that implied that if you want to have a fulfilling happy meaningful life you need to stop following the crowd and make your own pass even if there are consequences. If you find something that you are good at and enjoy doing stick with it and master it and watch how it will shape you life. -This story uplifted my spirits and motivated my behavior change in se veral ways. For example, Jonathon Livingston Seagull is a great example to me because not only does he go against the norm and try to learn everything about his passion in life, he also learns forgiveness and compassion for the other seagulls of the community and wants to teach them how to live a wonderful life.I have noticed in my life that I am most happy when I have found something that I love to do and also when I am helping others find that same thing or serving them in some manner and I think Jonathon mastered this aspect of true charity. You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.(pg 89) 6. In conclusions the book had both strong and weak contributing factors. The strong factors were that it had a very unique, interesting story key out that kept the reader interested enough to keep reading. Bach also used implied messages of inspiration and pregnant values in this life which in my opinion was very cool and had a strong plot.some(a) of the weak factors were that the book almost needed to be read straight through in one sitting to really get the message and make sense. It was not very challenging to read which could be good and bad. The setting was not very descriptive, it basically just took place either in the air or on the sea shore. I think the proper age group for this book would be late high school students and college students and even young adults. Richard Bach impacted me by creating a plot and story line that delivers a messages that anything is possible in life as long as you want it enough and practice at it thus, I am now interested in making some changes in my life.Works CitedBack, Richard. Jonathon Livingston Seagull. New York Scribner, 1970.

The Galapagos Island in Ecuador Essay Example for Free

The Galapagos Is come in Ecuador EssayNineteen breathtaking islands stunningly situated in the Pacific Ocean comprise the Galapagos Islands. deviation from the wonderful corporeal attributes of the island, it is in addition well-known for its showcase of evolution. The island houses different species of sea animals, which were believed to have evolved due to the volcanic activities affecting marine life. In fact, Charles Darwins theory of evolution was based on his observations in the Galapagos Island.(UNESCO, two hundred7) Unique creatures living in the island including land iguanas, giant tortoises, seal colonies, cormorants, bats, rats, and such presents the importance of supporting advocacies to protect and preserve this world heritage site. These animals, in any case including penguins and other kinds of birds who frequent the island coexist for a balanced marine ecosystem. (The Galapagos Island) Overall, the island boasts of over 1,600 species of various insects, ove r 800 species of shells, 200 starfishes, 120 crabs, and many more worthy of efforts and support for their conservation and sustained existence.(Explore Galapagos) Animal seclusion in the island was identified to cause nonchalant behavior of animal life in the area. (The Galapagos Island) Imbalance in the active animal life community in the island is said to be caused by human interference. Human practices that bane the harmony in the Galapagos Island dates for more than two decades ago when explorers hunted animals in the area for personal provisions. Aside from this, people who inhabit the island alter the physical environment affecting the balance in the islands ecosystem.For instance, just about foreign plants set in the area have been identified to damage the life of native plants in the island. To protect the area from further damage brought about by human actions and practices, majority of the area in the Galapagos was transformed into a National Park. Ongoing scientific in vestigation to sustain preservation is also conducted in the area by the Charles Darwin Station. (Galapagos Conservation)Although the government of Ecuador and other international organizations such as UNESCO are working genuinely hard to continue the protection and preservation of the island, conditions that threaten the unspoiled nature of the Galapagos still exist. Therefore, continuous and step up support is needed to prevent the destruction of this immaculate heritage site. Primarily, what should be worked on is the growing rescue and population in the area, increasing the presence of insidious species of plant and animal life, as well as man- do products that disturb the balanced and harmonious community in the island.Funding and efficient management skills should be a primary concern of everyone involved. To air the call for protection and preservation of the Galapagos, efforts should also be made to educate all people in order to determine the significance of the diverse community active within the Galapagos and look out for ways on how the advocacy can be supported by all means possible.ReferencesExplore Galapagos. (2008). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from Galapagos Conservation Trust.Website http//www. gct. org/intro. html Galapagos Conservation. (2008). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from Big Five Tours Expedition. Website http//www. galapagos. com/conservation. php The Galapagos Island. (2006). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from interKnowledge Corp. Website http//www. geographia. com/ecuador/galislands. htm UNESCO. (2007). Galapagos Island. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Website http//whc. unesco. org/en/list/1

Examining what makes a British Soap Opera Essay Example for Free

Examining what makes a British Soap Opera EssayIn a general sense, Soaps ar continuous, serialised dramas broadcast up to three or four times a week, usually with an omnibus at the weekends. They are filmed in the same settings from episode to episode and win very contemporary themes (this is what makes them so appealing).A gender spilt between the audience reveals that around 70% are women, so the major Soaps have a clear target audience. The majority of new soaps seek non to disturb ongoing ratings battles, but break new ground and aim their productions at different period groups. For example, Hollyoaks is relatively new and aimed at teens. Soaps consistently win the biggest share of television ratings and capture the biggest share because their subject area appeals to their target audience. This content, on the surface may seem simply crafted, but after close mental test reveals the numerous techniques, performances and styles that are harmonised in order to make the soa p successful. As an art from, Soaps surface as a highly complex form of drama. There are many features that have to be planned using very formulaic methods so that the final product will conform to expectations.The writers moldiness produce content that is engaging, yet open further leads on to other potential storylines. However, they also stretch(a) the storylines as long as possible in order to allow time to pass in which they empennage invent new stories and close others. A common tact is to obviously allow a storyline to occupy a majority of the 30-minute slot, but spilt it with intervening storylines (which delay it from completing its course). This achieves two principal(prenominal) objectives- the delay creates time for further writing and expansion of the main story, whilst the short storylines in between can be refreshed

BA (Hons) Accounting Essay Example for Free

BA (Hons) Accounting EssayAbstractIn damage Transp bency in Supply Chains Demystification of the Cooperation Tenet article, the authors would like to deliver the message ab protrude studies on open-book accounting to condense on mainly on the functions and difficulties, de shapeinants and consequences, and of interorganizational toll management. To offer a new direction, authors seek to detect and systemise applications of open-book accounting. They follow a qualitative approach to analyze why and how open-book accounting is being used in practice. Data were obtained from 59 interviews conducted with purchasing experts and analyzed finished content analysis. Authors find that being used for interorganizational represent management, open-book accounting is used in price management. This includes increasing negotiation pressure on a supplier. base on this finding, we develop a framework to systematize different open-book accounting uses according to both cardinal motives fo r cost transparency and purchasing strategies. The look finding the following to show that cost transparency provoke be used to carry through to support price management and that it does not necessarily require a trusting and cooperative customer supplier relationship.The background of cost transparencyA qualitative research design supplemented by quantitative analysis. Set up a three-tiered design that anyows us to evaluate all of the aspects indicated above. Using an online questionnaire that was designed to either af loaded or contradict the results obtained from the interviews and to allow for certain quantitative analyses. From a total of 59 interviewees, and received 46 completed questionnaires. Take into account the reverse perspective. To support the results, specially for data manipulation, authors conducted 18 interviews with sales experts. Use the data retrieved from the three step to analysis and explanation on Open-book accounting uses and the article Cost Transpar ency in Supply Chains Demystification of the Cooperation TenetIntroductionCost transparency in the supply chain is the ability to discover how oft a particular monetary fund costs, treatment costs or service costs, preferably before receiving the stock, treatment or service. The cost of suppliers is loosely unknown to buyer. We come no way to price in an any services or the cost of a stock, nor do we find pricing published anywhere that helps us compare prices to shamble crack consumer decisions. Cost transparency uses are difference methods in many difference area reform efforts to attend if supplier price increases are justified. We seizet want to pay too much, and you dont want to knock him down either Literature ReviewIn the world, India is the fourth largest delivery and expected to become the fastest growing greater economic in the next few decades. To achieve its economic and development goals, the Indian government targeted the economic growth rates of about(predi cate) 8-10 perpenny a year for the next few decades. (Rastogi, 2011)The equilibrized poster is a strategic planning and management marionette that helps an organization understand and work towards, and allows monitoring the indicators. A completed notice system aligns the organizations picture, with chore strategy and daily operation, the fulfillment of the strategy developed by the direction. Strategic performance measures are the better way to notify the decision-making and show progress toward the desiredresults. The organization can focus on the most important areas that they are needed to achieve its vision, at the same clock time it helps an organization make effectiveness objective. (Sharma, 2009)At present, the equilibrise wag is used as strategic analysis system, which indispensable inwardly the strategic management field for future organizations and the private-enterprise(a) business environment. Although equilibrise scorecard is widely used, but the model has s ome issues are unable to supply the quantitative indicators and measure the congeneric important weights for apiece perspective contribution. The problems associated with the operations utilise long term strategy has difficult to found by a good number of firms.Firms as well as knowledge of its picture in the future requires to a greater extent information, compared to financial operational standards that evaluates the strategies and long term view of the firm as well as strategies in operational achievement. Balance scorecard has used for designing and determining strategic operation. The model of balanced scorecard provides the artifice for comparison to obtain many kind of perspective on the strategic decisions taking into servant for the impact on customers, employee learning, finances and customers. (Sorooshian, 2014)Research MethodologyThe balance scorecard approach is to improve the firm performance. From previous research, Kaplan and noneton (1992) developed an innovati ve embodied performance scorecard that provides a framework for selecting multiple recognise performance indicators that supplement traditional financial measure short term operational controls to the long term strategy of the business. The research suggested mixed results, however, the results confined only to Europe and North America. (Kothari C.R., 2004)To provide evidences to support the balance scorecard is a widely accepted tool for management to achieve different kinds of balance amongst short and long run operational draw a bead ons, Anand et al. conducted a questionnaire on performance scorecard and sent out to chief financial officer (CFO) in India for response. The questionnaire sent to all 579 companies included multinational corporations from a major(ip) constituent of Indian corporatesector, however, only 9% response rate from CFOs. establish on the responses, about half of the responses using balance scorecard. (Kothari C.R., 2004)Anand et al. used field research t hat they mail questionnaire to from each one companys chief financial officer for response. They identified the social and economic background of respondents however, there are limitations for the methodology. concord to the response rate, the survey was likely that the firm does not respond on time and may have non-response parti pris, which occurs in statistical surveys if the answers of respondents differ from the potential answers of those who did not answer. For example, the chief financial officer with a higher(prenominal) workload may not answer the survey because they do not have enough time to answer it, and/or those with a low workload may decline to respond for perceive them as unnecessary. If they found is not necessary or not favorable to the firm, they will definitely ignore the survey. Therefore, non-response bias may make the measured value for the different effects of the above biases happen to offset each other. . (Kothari C.R., 2004)Data CollectionThe balance scorecard approach is an attempt to arrive different kinds of balance amidst short run and long run, different perspectives of the of the scorecard, between measuring throw and the present position, and between commercialize image and internal focus. It is useful for both strategic and operational purposes. To implement it successfully, it must enjoy far-flung support from the company.The questionnaire sent to all 579 companies included multinational corporations from a major constituent of Indian corporate sector, however, only 9% response rate from Chief financial officers. It does not directly reflect those companies authentic status. Chief financial officers are the most understanding to the financial situation of a company. If the questionnaire replies from an assistant, clerk or other non-important staff, it would be no more straightforwardness. The data impact this research authenticity. It would be more truthful if the questionnaire replies form an important person of c ompany.Table 7 on the research show that only 54.2 per centime of the respondents agree the initial choice of key performance indicators at the design stage of the balance scorecard has been substantially clear. Almost a half of the respondents just validates partly or validates to a limited extent. The validated of the research design stage was too low. Actually, in design stage can be change the visitor more validate to balance scorecard. It can let the research more to fit in with the purpose.Table 1 on the research show that the visitor is major in 3 types of industry(15.09 per cent on other, 13.21 per cent on consumer durable, personal care and food product, and 11.32 per cent on engineering and working capital goods). The distributed of industry was not average to Indian companies. It cannot impact the situation of balance scorecard in Indian companies.ConclusionThe balanced scorecard is a set of measuring and managing the performance tool. It is focus on the processes and a chieving the result. The purpose of the balanced scorecard is to manage and ensure the organizations strategy will be fulfill and achieve the objective. Based on the above article, we have some of the strength, weakness and limitation of using balanced scorecard in the organization. Benefits include align the action to strategy effectively. Balanced scorecard is a powerful system through strategy map, less strategy will align with the financial perspective. By using the balanced scorecard which helps the organization achieves the target and improves the level of management. Also, balanced scorecard perchance causes business unit gain the competitory advantages leading to the benefit to the financial performance.Balanced scorecard has unable to supply the quantitative indicators and measure the relative important weights for each perspective contribution. But the method of quantitative may produce too much performance measures. It is quite difficulties in generating non-financial i ndicators, but the financial indicators not a certain problem. Sometimes, less set off onhuman resource maybe the greatest weakness of balanced scorecard. There have competitive factors with innovation and knowledge which is the big challenge in current organization.When the organizations key drivers change, the balanced scorecard must be update such changed. At the same time, resources and organizational capabilities should act as limitation for small organization. Compare with specific industry, there have some limitation or maybe use the balanced scorecard frequently. Any changes in environment, customers and competitors to be more highlight the effect of using the adequate balanced scorecard.If you want to accomplish more easily, should be coordinate with four perspectives, customer, financial, internal business and learning and growth. Nowadays, balanced scorecard is commonly used in the organization. Adopt a good balanced scorecard should be state your strategies with the obj ective and measure which you have choose. In the organization, everyone must understand each specific strategy, help organizations to acquire full successes. The most important point is the business must prevail updated balanced scorecard and aligned with needs of today.Bibliography1. Rastogi, N. P. (2011) Winds of Change Indias Emerging Climate Strategy, The International Spectator, Vol. 46, No. 2, June 2011, pp. 127141 2. Sharma, A. (2009) Implementing Balance Scorecard for Performance Measurement, The Icfai University 10 Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VI, No. 1, p. 11 3. Sorooshian, S (2014) athletic field on Unbalanceness of the Balanced Scorecard, Faculty of Industrial Management, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 8, 2014, no. 84, 4163 4169

Student-Relations Officer Essay Example for Free

Student-Relations Officer EssayI am chivalrous of my achievements because I worked hard to earn all told of these. In Secondary Three I earned the semester select for the highest history average. I receive the said award 3 consecutive times, marking me as the student with the highest history average in the entire school. I was also awarded with the highest English average twice, with both of the classes beingness an equivalent of gull 10 History and English, respectively (although chronologically only an equivalent of Grade 9).In addition to the aforementioned awards, I also achieved an A on English during the Second Language IGCSE Examinations, an A on E Math IGCSE examinations, and a B in the History IGCSE Examinations. All the said examinations were all taken a year earlier than normal (I was in Grade 9, and 14 years old, the fixing being at the completion of Grade 10 and 16 years old) all the IGCSEs the equivalent of Grade 11 subjects relative to their counterpart su bjects in Canada.I also bagged the third prize during the Science assemblage with my team around the same time. Additionally, I was elected as a Student-Relations Officer, wherein my responsibility is to hold forums for students and votes and statistics on student views and opinions. In spite all of my achievements, I pride myself more on the distinction I have here in Canada.If any of the accomplishments stand out, I believe it is my completion of grade 11 with five subjects at the age of fifteen with a nineties average that truly counts as a special achievement. It is in hardship, dedication and passion that one person can succeed. As I count on back and recall all of my achievements, I believe I have what it takes to be successful in my chosen field someday.

Abortion Poems Essay Example for Free

miscarriage Poems EssayGewndolyn Brooks and Anne Sexton two wrote poems about the controversial quash of abortion. Brooks wrote a poem titled The have which stressed the physiological and ethical consequence of her choice. While in Sextons poem The Abortion the focus is more on the emotions tangle before and after the actual unconscious process of aborting the baby. Yet both poems posses similar use of words to flap a point across. The main way the authors did this is through the use of tone. The tone of these poems slow allow the ref to see just how easy it is to tell apart some issueg is wrong, but do it anyway.In Brooks poem The Mother she selects words and expressions that give the poem an air of sadness. By saying things such(prenominal) as You will neer neglect or beat Them, or silence or buy with a sweet. it shows her longing to do things that mothers are generally thought to be good at. At the same time this also shows she is cognisant that she has essential ly taken vivification and its experiences away from not only her unborn churl but herself as well because she never gets the chance to do the things she speaks of. The title of the poem demonstrates this trough a paradox, she never in truth got to be a Mother because she aborted her baby. The eviscerate in which she states, you will never end up imbibe thumb reinforces all this as well as demonstrates her use of imagery thought the total poem.By creating such vivid images of things she and her child would have done it connects the reader on a more in-person level because it gives them a chance to really imagine e precisething Brooks is saying. Having the connection and the images in their mind go knowing that the baby was aborted makes it all the more real, allowing the reader to whole step similar emotions that the mother herself had felt such as sorrow and remorse. The remorseful feeling is really expressed towards the ending of the poem when there is a change in whom she is addressing. Brooks now begins to address the actual child that was aborted and ask for forgiveness maculation acknowledging she has done wrong by saying the crime was other than mine. She also tells the child that she loves them and that crimson in my deliberateness I was not deliberate. showing that she is sorry for what she has done even though she knew what she was getting into when she did it. All of these things together give Brooks poem a remorseful tone that perfectly expresses how person can so easily do something they know deep down is wrong.In Sextons poem The Abortion the emotions she is feeling are expressed to the reader through the change setting. It begins while she still has the baby internal her and she uses words that make the world sound as though it is full of life such as puckering and puffing. She describes the landscape hilly mountainous and green, which is a color that symbolizes new life. Towards the end of the poem when returning from her abortion the setting is described in a more gloomy empty way. The sky had grown thin and the roads were flat. This shows the change in her emotions, just like the land she apply to be full of life as well and afterwards she was empty and flat without a child in her womb. The first line of the poem Somebody who should have been born is gone. is an expression of her feelings on abortion. The statement itself lets the reader know right on off the bat that she thinks abortion is wrong, yet she goes along and does it anyway.She does not even describe the actual process of aborting the baby as badly as one would imagine someone with that view on the subject would have. She makes an allusion to Rumplestilksen saying that the man who performed the abortion for her was nothing like him at all, basically meaning that she didnt feel the experience was horrible and as though he was forcing her to give up her first born child like Rumplestilksen had done in a fairy tale. The repetition of the first li ne thought the entire poem expresses the tribulation she is feeling thought the entire experience of her abortion. She even calls herself a coward at the very end for doing such a thing. But none of that stopped her from getting the abortion done. The tone of regret Sexton set for this poem once again shows that its not at all severe to go ahead and do something they you are sure is wrong.Both of these women were well aware that getting an abortion, in their opinion, was wrong. They each expressed their regret and remorse through the wording of their poems and both poems were quite simple and soothing, something a child would understand. The poems described different aspects of abortion but stress the idea that having an abortion comes with the emotions of sadness, sorrow, and guilt. The reader is easily able to connect to the pome and understand the emotions that are being felt through the imagery used and tone set by the authors. But even with all of that both women still chose t o abort their baby. Doing something you know is wrong is something every reader can easily relate to and understand.

Yosemite National Park Essay Example for Free

Yosemite content Park EssayThe Yosemite Valley is regarded by its visitors as unity of the Worlds greatest natural wonders. People were attracted to its crowding beautiful scenery all in i small argona. These include the five domes, lakes and caverns, cliffs and sights elevated form 13,000 up to 15,000 feet (Hittell 1868). Yosemite National Park is be in eastern parts of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera countries located in east central California, United States. Extending crossways the Sierra Nevada mountain chain, the park area was measured 3,081 square kilometers (Harris 1997). According to Hamilton and Hamilton (2006), majority of Yosemite is composed of intrusive igneous rocks which forms underground when magma cools and solidifies slowly forming large crystals. Yosemite Park is composed of plutonic rocks including tonalite, vitreous silica monzonite, granodiorite and granite which were loosely tempered as rocklike rocks. Gabbro, quartz diorite and diorite are plutonic rocks which cannot be technically recognized as granitic rocks. Minerals including potassium feldspar, biotite, hornblende, plagioclase feldspar and quartz constitute plutonic rocks.The texture and relative extent of quartz and feldspar largely differs in plutonic rocks. The formation of different bodies of individual plutonic rocks was due(p)(p) to the repeat of magma intrusions into host rocks beneath the Earths surface taking 130 million years ago. The plutonic rocks previously inside the Earth are already out at the surface due to dark erosion and elimination of the previously overlying rocks. Within Yosemite, only small amounts of volcanic igneous rocks were found. downstairs the surface, latite lava flows, basaly flows and latite tuff are found while obsidian, ash-flow tuff, rhyolite and pumice were found on the surface. Huber (1987) stated that on each side of the batholith of plutonic rocks, metamorphic rocks of 2 northwest-trending belts were found. He added that me tamorphic rocks were formed from the alteration of aqueous and volcanic rocks due to high pressure, cutting stress and temperature beneath the Earths crust. Volcanically originated rocks are called metavolcanic rocks while those with sedimentary origin are called metasedimentary rocks.As explained by Lawson (1921) from the Handbook of Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada belongs to the air division of mountains of the Basin Range type. The Great Basin is a region being described as without drain to the sea which lies between Wasatch and Sierra Nevada. The blocks which were found in this region of the Earths crust were upset(a) and elongated in a north to south direction. The blocks under the wide valleys of the desert have been reclined and misdirect while the others was uplifted and composed the linear mountain ranges.Matthes (1930) show upd in his work that the characteristic, structure and narration of the both mountain systems were know by certain rock formations. The f ossil remains preserved in rocks indicate the approximate time of creation. 415,000,000 years ago covered by the Paleozoic era, accumulation of thickness of thousands of feet on the Pacific Oceans floor was caused by the outwashing of sediments from the continent. The sediments are then uplifted dry folded forming mountain ranges in the Permian Epoch of the Carboniferous Period of the same era.During the Mesozoic era, which was 40 million years ago, in the Triassic period, the mountains slowly faded to hills and drop off sunk below the sea depositing pertly sediments. During the Jurassic period, as the sea bottom sinks more sediments were laid down. Parallel northwestward-trending mountain ranges came from the folded and crumpled remains of the old and new sediments. The folds below were accumulated with molten granite. In the Cretaceous period which is 75 million years ago, gradational worn down of the mountain ranges and the region resulted to its reduction into lowland.Streams carried away masses of thousand feet thick granite and sedimentary rock uncovering wide areas. The region together is gradually upwarded to moderate heights. Due to volcanic burst, the land in the northern region was continually covered with mud, mash and rhyolitic lava. In the Oligocene period, Rhyolitic materials were worn away due to continuous erosion. During the Miocene period which was 12 million years ago, the northern half of the region was covered with bring home the bacon flows of andesitic lava and mud due to the beginning of another volcanic eruption.Irregular minimal crust movement and volcanic eruption happened. After that is a period of stability. The lofty block range with steep eastern front end of the Sierra Nevada was caused by the transformed forceful tilting with strong faulting movements along its eastern margin. Pleistocene epoch is known for the great ice age, it was characterized by repeated mantles of glaciers at the higher regions of the range. Twenty t housand years ago up to the present time, is considered as the postglacial time wherein the normal climatic conditions returned.According to Harris (1996), island arc of volcanoes that was located at the west coast of proto-North America was due to the generation of Farallon Plate subducting beneath the North American plate. When two tectonic plates move and meet toward each other one moving down into the mantle and one sliding beneath is called subduction. During the Jurassic era, volcanism intruded and covered the rocks and these rocks eventually eliminated by the process of uplifted-accelerated erosion. 210 million years ago up to 150 million years before today, regional plutonism occurred.Plutonism is the process wherein rocks are formed due to volcanic activity. Around the same period of time, Nevadan orogeny occurred. Orogeny is the process of natural mountain building through characteristic structural phenomena. The rocks formed were composed of mostly granite and below the ground measures 6 miles. Uplifting of the Sierra Nevada was due to the vertical movement along the fault. The difference of westerm-flowing streams promoted the uplift of Sierra Nevada. The streams ran faster quickly cutting the valleys. knowledgeableness of Owens valley was due to the development of major faults to the east.Sierras uplifting accelerated during the Pleistocene. scale occurred due to the pressure produce by the increased erosion and uplifting exposing the granitic rocks into the surface. Exfoliation is responsible for(p) for the rounded shape of many domes in Yosemite National Park. Harris (1996) also stated that about 2 to 3 million years ago, the region has been changed by glaciations. Sherwin, Tahoe, Tenaya and Tioga are the four glaciations which have taken place in Sierra Nevada. The largest glaciers produced are from the Sherwin glaciation while the other stages only form smaller ones.It was said to be the fountain for the largely excavated and shaped of th e Yosemite Valley. Figure 1. Geological Map of Yosemite National Park Source http//geomaps. wr. usgs. gov/parks/yos/yosmap. hypertext markup languageReferences Hamilton, Calvin. , and Hamilton, Rosanna. Yosemite National Park Rocks. 2006. 14 May 2008 http// www. scienceviews. com/parks/yrocks. html. Harris, Ann. Geology of National Parks 5th edition. Dubuque, Iowa Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. , 1997. 2008 17 May 2008 http//people. uwec. edu/ERICKSKM/references. html. Hittell, John. Yosemite Its Wonders and Its Beauties. 1868. 20 May 2008 http//www.yosemite. ca. us/ program library/yosemite its wonders and its beauties/general features. html Huber, N. King. The Geologic Story of Yosemite National Park. 1987. 17 May 2008 http//www. yosemite. ca. us/library/geologic_story_of_yosemite/rocks. html. Lawson, Andrew. Handbook of Yosemite National Park. 1921. 17 May 2008 http//www. yosemite. ca. us/library/Handbook_of_Yosemite_Natl_park/ Matthes, Francois. Geologic History of Yosemite Valley. 1 930. US Geological Survey Proffesional Paper 160. 17 May 2008 http//www. nps. gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/pp/160/

Women’s Experiences in the Military Essay Example for Free

Womens Experiences in the Military EssayWomen suffered a litter during the wars. Many were reported to have been physically tortured, for instance, they were hit with mortar rounds making the whole building to shake. They sp overthrow nights out in the cold and the sleeping conditions were horrible. Some became paralyzed and lay on the ground for hours originally receiving help. They fought for their lives on without protection since men were also in the fields. If women were discovered to be in possession of worthy positions such as diamond, it was reachn away from them. (Taylor, p367)There were incidents when women came out of their homes to provide assistance if they saw their d salubriousings being set on fire. The women did not care about their personal safety and neither did they worry that their lives could end any time. They put their lives on line to save their people and families. For instance, they died from serious injuries and smoke from tan houses, fall deb ris and flames. (Chen, p389) There were women who provided assistance in saving or rescuing other children and adults who were caught up in burning structures.They did this without protective c fatehing and shoes. They kept on entering and re-entering the buildings in order to vacate their children to safety. Women continuously assisted the residents in Vietnam to relocate their personal properties as well as livestock. By this time there were no fire fighting equipment and personnel assistance. This reflected courage commitment and self-sacrifice on Vietnamese women. (Insun, p366) Their experiences made them publish as heroes and they were awarded medals.However, their naivety did not make them realize that they deserved the medals. Coupled with that they were very young and thence had not received enough exposure. They could not make sense out of the problems they were having. (Insun, p254) During those times of war, despite womens involvement in the military, they were still nu rsing young children at homes. They had to strike a balance in the midst of the time spent at the military and the time spent with their families. Their children were affected by diseases, while suppuration up.Women said that things appeared perfectly normal at birth of their children but as soon as they give way toddlers something always went wrong. Mothers gave birth to children with cancer, especially of the kidney and other types of tumor, ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder), teeth and bone deformities as well as fainting spells. Other children displayed symptoms of Grand Mal Epilepsy. Most of the conditions which affected these children were made worse by the negative do of war. The health of the children was seriously affected.At night, women experienced mass attack which affected the entire corner within Long Binh. They had mortar attack which landed on their homes and killed some of them. At his time, all they had were prayers. (Taylor, p567) They prayed a l ot when all failed. At around 1968, the military intelligence received a document which stated they were gift away approximately twenty five thousand dollars for every female who was a white American. The presidency gave women life insurance. The insurance was worth only ten thousand dollars.This was too little and they actually laughed at it because they were definitely worth much more. (Woodside, p56) The women most of the time ignored the problems that they had with men because they did not want those problems to take toll on their lives. Some other challenges that women faced were lack of audience. They had grievances amongst themselves and despite their efforts to air them, nobody could listen to them. The converses department was not effective and there was no order of the events taking place.In addition, the communication channels were not properly defined. They were random and did not consider the urgency of the information. (Insun, p89) The policies of children adopting were changed, and this affected parenting and especially women who were not able to give quality life to their children. The situation affected them psychologically and some women became hostile to the tender policies. The children suffered emotional and psychological torture due to lack of parental love. The bonds that tied a child and his obtain were no longer there. (Insun, p67)

Development Of Sentencing Policy In England Law Essay

Development Of Sentencing Policy In England Law Es ordainAccording to Andrew Ashworth (Sentencing and malefactor Justice, 5th Edition, Cambridge University wardrobe (2010), p.77), plane particle 142 of The condemnable Justice Act 2003 appears to embody the bruise of pick-and- commixture sentencing, and one which invites inconsistency.In the light of this education discuss, and comment, on the aims and purposes of sentencing.To what extent argon they a reflection of sentencing currently practised by judicatorys?This essay seeks to insure the way in which the sentencing policy has develop chthonic English law on the basis of the detail that many academics including Ashworth look upon the current arranging as being somewhat pick-and-mix illustrated by section 142 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003. With this in mind, this essay looks to produce a discussion that is considered to be able to administer to provide an understanding of the aims of sentencing traditionally and as to how English law has looked to fulfil these aims and the extent to which they have proven successful in this regard.In considering the idea section 142 of The Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 2003 appears to embody the worst of pick-and-mix sentencing (Ashworth, 2010), it is necessity to appreciate how it whitethorn invite inconsistency by commencement ceremony discussing the aims of sentencing before looking to enlarge and focus this discussion upon the specific provision and related provisions. On this basis, it should be possible to then(prenominal) reconcile the extent to which these aims are a reflection of policies of sentencing currently practised by dallys in the UK and their associated aims. Finally, this essay allow then look to conclude with a summary of the key points derived from this discussion in relation to the jail of sentencing in the UK and as to how it is currently practised by domestic courts.When considering the different aims of sentencing there are notew orthy rationales involved with the development of an good policy focussed upon achieving retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, restorative justice, and incapacitation founded upon a specific offenders culpability that green goddess prove complicated (Tonry, 2005). Nevertheless, such(prenominal) an understanding is ably supported by philosopher, Immanuel Kant (2002) to mark the beginning of recent theories of punishment as he argued the only morally legitimate justification for sentencing. Therefore, the key function of such policy is to look to ensure offenders receive the appropriate execrations to manage the apparent conflict that exists surrounded by soul liberty under Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 1950 (domestically implemented by the Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998) and the interests of society as a whole (see, for example, Steel v. United Kingdom). However, it has proved heavy for an effective sentencing policy to develop that is able to fin d a balance between the aims that have been recognise to account for goals of turn rudeness-prevention and the apportioning of punishment (Fraser, 2005). More specifically, g everywherenment policy renderrs have seek to explain proscribedside(a) major changes with a view to increasing public confidence (Home Office, 2002, p.13) be lay down the whitlow justice system domestically did not have the necessary credibility and legitimacy government policy makers felt was necessary to make punishments and sanctions for criminal activity more effective, certain, and ordered (Tonry, 2005).Sentencing policy in the UK has been largely explained by the fact that, for over a decade, government policy makers have explained away major changes as part of a larger effort to increase public confidence in the English legal system (Home Office, 2002, p.13). Prior to the fashioning of these changes, it had been a traditional social belief this countrys criminal justice system did not have the necessary credibility and legitimacy government policy makers felt was necessary to make criminal punishments more effective, certain, and consistent to address citizens problems (Tonry, 2005). But, despite this clear affect and the changes, it is arguable that sentencing has still be get in something of a pick and mix process aptly illustrated by section 142 of the CJA 2003 regarding the purpose of sentencing policy in the English legal system (Ashworth, 2010). Therefore, both the aims and purpose of the domestic system of sentencing has arguably been lost without set guidelines to follow in the interests of exquisiteness and consistency regarding the sanctioning of offenders because the current codification of the law is arguably too discretionary for the administration to practice in keeping with the remit of their powers as it relates to making their ends in any given expression.Section 142 of the CJA 2003 recognises criminal courts need to consider the following purpose s of sentencing (a) punishment (b) the reduction of crime (c) reform and rehabilitation (d) social fortress and (e) reparation. As a result, unfortunately, it is arguable such a provision was always bound to lead to substantive problems because it seems to require the judiciary to actively consider a variety of aims before then giving weightiness to one factor above all of the rest that they must consider to reach a decision (Ashworth, 2010). But such concerns regarding sentencing serve to detract from its aims that now arguably lack foundation since the Sentencing Guidelines Council has adopted section 143 as opposed to section 142 of the CJA 2003 to determine appropriate sanctions for criminal offenders (Tonry, 2005). Section 143 specifically provides, for the purpose of sentencing, the court must consider the offenders culpability in committing the offence and any harm which the offence caused, was intended to cause or might foreseeably have cause. Therefore, it has been fo r the Sentencing Guidelines Council to focus its attention upon the proportionality principle to determine what is required for the sentencing of one-on-one criminal offences to be more effective (Von Hirsch Roberts, 2004).However, the policy of sentencing under English law still system sufficiently uncertain so one is left to wonder what will happen if section 142 of the CJA 2003 is favoured when determine how the Sentencing Guidelines Councils Overarching Principles Seriousness (2004) is to be followed by the courts in deciding sanctions in any given case. This is because it has proved arguable that section 142 under the CJA 2003 has already given the judiciary too greater autonomy in deciding the sentencing of offenders in any given case regarding the appropriate sanction for the offence the defendant has committed where they are found guilty (Rex Tonry, 2005, Chapter 5). As a result, doubts have arisen finishedout society about whether changes in sentencing would real red uce crime when many people have sought tougher penalties to reduce crime rates through a system that expounded the virtues of deterrence and incapacitation to achieve the aforementioned aims of sentencing. At the same time, however, there is a need to appreciate the prospect for effective rehabilitation from the sentence that an offender is given has changed quite radically under contemporary law. This is because effectively targeted programs, as part of an offenders sentence, can serve to limit the probability of that individual then re-offending through the drug treatment, anger management, sex-offender treatment, and various educational and vocational-skills programs implemented to prevent further offences occurring in the interests of crime prevention within society (Gaes, 1999).By way of illustration, the Home Offices Halliday Report provided the foundation for a immense reorganisation of the English criminal justice system under the CJA 2003 so it was concluded if the treatme nt programmes are developed and applied as intended, to the maximum extent possible, reconviction rates might be reduced by 5-25 share points. (Halliday, et al, 2001, p.7) Therefore, a new approach to custodial sentences was proposed and endorsed totalling less than a year with three specific options available. The first is time lag plus consisting of a maximum of 13 weeks in prison house with the rest being do up by community service, whilst sentencing may as well as consist of a policy of intermittent custody that involves weekend imprisonment for up 51 weeks (sections 183-186 at CJA 2003). Finally, there is also the possibility of custody negative whereby the offenders sentence is suspended for a maximum of 51 weeks with community service carried out instead (Von Hisch Roberts, 2004). On this basis, the methods for dealing with minor criminal matters have taken on greater significance with the CJA 2003s enactment, since sections 22-27 now also supplement the existing syste m of cautions (under the Police Criminal Evidence Act 1984) with conditional cautions which may be given when the conditions set out are fulfilled (Ashworth Redmayne, 2005, Chapter 6).However, whilst the CJA 2003 has introduced a new mandatory minimum sentence of five years for possession of firearms without a licence under section 287, there has been a clear-cut lack of Court of Appeal guidance for the minimum sentence for domestic burglary (section 111 at Power of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000) but was not endorsed by the Court of Appeal (R v. Hoare) unlike, for example, guidelines on rape (R v. Milberry). Moreover, the CJA 2003 also eliminated the self-acting life imprisonment sentence and absorbed it within the new dangerousness sentences (sections 224-236 Schedules 15 18 of the CJA 2003 because decisions like Stafford v. UK treasure the Home Secretarys power to set a minimum time for someone to remain in prison who is imprisoned for life (see also section 269 S chedule 21 of the CJA 2003).As for the matter of previous convictions feign upon sentencing individual offenders, where an individual has already been convicted of another offence they should be liable to a much stricter penalization for all offences they are convicted of thereafter because such convictions are illustrative of an individuals insalubrious character in court proceedings to impact upon a given case (Choo, 2006, Chapter 8). However, the CJA 2003 have proved somewhat controversial to say the least because the precise moment of their coming into force has proved a matter of notable enmity (R v. Bradley) as well as the fact that, in a criminal trial, any evidence pertinent to the case should be admissible (Rees Roberts, 2006). This proved necessary because it was previously largely understood under section 1(3) of the Criminal Evidence Act 1898 the prosecution in any criminal case was unable to plead evidence of a defendants bad character except regarding the offenc e a defendant was charged with unless it was considered significant to the best interests of justice (Durston, 2004). But what Lord Wilberforce said in Boardman v. Director of Public Prosecutions (p.444) acted as a caveat in recognising the admission of similar fact evidence (of the kind now in question) is especial(a) and requires a strong degree of probative force to be admissible prior to the CJA 2003. Therefore, the level of sentencing may then be determined fairly and consistently in keeping with the facts of any given case to provide sufficient sanctions in the best interests of justice for society as a whole (Fitzpatrick, 2006).In addition, the exclusionary rule previously emphasised as being of fundamental significance against the admission of previous misbehave and other evidence of bad character has now been largely abolished where it is found the matters to be considered are relevant to the issues at hand (section 101 of the CJA 2003). By way of illustration, under sect ion 103(1) of the CJA 2003, the matters in issue between the defendant and the prosecution include (a) The question whether the defendant has a propensity to commit offences of the kind with which he is charged, except where his having such a propensity makes it no more likely that he is guilty of the offence (Roberts, 2006). But whilst there is little doubt those who drafted this provision intended to make evidence of a defendants bad character admissible because it shows they have a general tendency to commit offences, there is room for right smart doubt about whether the provision achieves its aim (Withey, 2007).To conclude, policy makers under English law have sought to develop a system of sentencing that fulfils its recognised aims since the CJA 2003 has sought to provide for the achievement of higher levels of fairness in the decisions reached to prevent further instances of crime and act in societys best interests. This is because not only can an effective system of sentenci ng provide a deterrent for others in society, but this can also serve as a means of punishment and rehabilitation. However, whilst the CJA 2003s remit has been called into question because it would seem to give too wider discretion to the judiciary in looking to reason out their decisions, previous convictions must also now be taken into account in determining the level of sentencing for any individual found guilty of a criminal offence as an indication of bad character under the CJA 2003. But, to achieve a consistent and fair approach to the administration of justice through an effective sentencing policy, it is still necessary to adhere to the Act to come to a fair approach to sentencing and sanctions to punish and rehabilitate a guilty offender whilst also deterring others from carrying out similar offences.